Companies

The AI Now Institute is an American research institute, launched in 2017 in partnership with New York University, that studies the social implications of artificial intelligence and the concentration of power in the tech industry.

Research historySafety & governanceData & datasets

Anthropic is an AI safety and research company founded in January 2021 by former OpenAI employees. It develops the Claude models and products, and its Responsible Scaling Policy sets out safety levels for its models.

Large language modelsEnterpriseFoundation models

Apollo Research is a research organization focused on the risk of scheming: advanced AI systems covertly pursuing misaligned objectives. It evaluates frontier models for this behavior and advises policymakers.

Agents & tool useSafety & governanceScience

Apple is a US technology company founded in 1976 that makes the iPhone, iPad and Mac. It introduced Apple Intelligence in 2024, builds its own Apple Foundation Models, and in 2026 agreed to build its next models with Google.

Consumer appsFoundation modelsHardware & compute

A British multinational design and engineering firm founded in 1946 by Sir Ove Arup, known for complex landmark projects such as the Sydney Opera House and for ownership held in trust for its employees.

EnterpriseSafety & governanceIndustrial automation

Baidu Research is the research arm of Baidu, built around the Institute of Deep Learning founded in 2013, with laboratories in Beijing and Silicon Valley; in 2014 Andrew Ng became chief scientist in charge of the whole organisation.

Research historyChinaEnterprise

Bell Labs was the research arm of the Bell System, where the transistor, Unix and the C language were created. Yann LeCun's convolutional networks for handwritten digits were developed there, which made it an early home of neural-network research.

Research historyDeep learningHardware & compute

Chinese chip designer founded in 2019 that builds general-purpose GPU (GPGPU) chips and intelligent computing solutions on its self-developed BILI series hardware and BIRENSUPA software, for AI training and inference from cloud to edge.

ChinaEnterpriseDeep learning

A Chinese AI chip company founded in 2016 and listed on the STAR Market in 2020. It designs cloud, edge and endpoint chips, and in 2025 it turned profitable as revenue rose sharply.

ChinaEnterpriseDeep learning

Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh has one of the earliest US computer science departments. Its researchers built the Logic Theorist, Sphinx speech recognition and the Deep Blue lineage, and won the 2007 DARPA Urban Challenge.

Research historyDeep learningRobotics

A San Francisco nonprofit founded in 2022 that researches technical AI safety, builds the field of safety researchers, and advocates for safety standards — known for a 2023 statement on AI extinction risk signed by industry leaders.

Research historySafety & governanceScience

Character.AI is a chatbot company founded in 2021 by former Google engineers Noam Shazeer and Daniel De Freitas, known for user-created AI characters; it filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in October 2026.

Large language modelsConsumer appsSafety & governance

CVPR is the annual Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, first held in 1983 and usually held in June in North America. It is known for selective, double-blind review and open-access papers.

Research historyDeep learningComputer vision

NeurIPS is an annual December conference on machine learning and computational neuroscience, founded in 1987 and counted among the most influential meetings in AI research.

Research historyDeep learningScience

A private research university in Ithaca, New York, founded in 1865. It is also where Frank Rosenblatt studied and worked, and where the perceptron — an early learning machine and the first neural network — was developed.

Research historyDeep learningHardware & compute

Cruise was a San Francisco autonomous-vehicle company founded in 2013 and acquired by General Motors in 2016; it ran paid driverless rides in San Francisco before its permits were suspended and GM wound the business down.

EnterpriseConsumer appsRobotics

The State Internet Information Office — the Cyberspace Administration of China — is the Chinese body that manages online information content, from news licensing and website enforcement to algorithm rules and AI content labeling.

ChinaSafety & governanceData & datasets

DNNresearch Inc. was a University of Toronto start-up founded in 2012 by Geoffrey Hinton and two of his graduate students; Google bought it for its deep neural network research.

Research historyEnterpriseDeep learning

EleutherAI is a grassroots AI research collective that began as a Discord server in July 2020. It released The Pile and the open GPT-style models GPT-Neo, GPT-J and GPT-NeoX-20B, and in 2023 it became a nonprofit research institute.

Large language modelsResearch historyOpen source

The European AI Office is a body inside the European Commission that supports implementation of the EU AI Act and enforces the rules for general-purpose AI models. It was established in February 2024.

Foundation modelsSafety & governanceEurope