Enterprise

Microsoft is an American technology company founded in 1975 and headquartered in Redmond, Washington. Its AI work combines a partnership with OpenAI, the Copilot products and its own in-house MAI and Phi models.

Wang Xingxing (born 1990) is the founder and chief executive of Unitree, the robotics company behind the AlienGo and Go1 quadruped robots and the H1 humanoid robot.

A robotics company spun out of MIT in 1992, known for legged and humanoid machines such as BigDog, Atlas, Spot and Handle, and now majority-owned by Hyundai Motor Group.

Amazon is the American technology company founded by Jeff Bezos in 1994. Through Amazon Web Services it became a major cloud provider, and it has built its own AI models, chips and assistants, including the Nova models and Trainium chips.

A 1998 conference paper by Sergey Brin and Lawrence Page describing PageRank, an algorithm that ranks web pages by the number and quality of links pointing to them, and the search engine built on that algorithm.

Mobileye makes camera-based vision chips and software for cars, from basic driver assistance up to systems for driverless vehicles; its EyeQ chips have shipped in hundreds of millions of vehicles.

IBM Watson is a question-answering computer system built by an IBM research team led by David Ferrucci; in February 2011 it defeated the two foremost all-time champions of the televised quiz show Jeopardy!

UBTECH Robotics is a robot company founded in March 2012 that moved from small humanoid robots to full-size industrial humanoids, listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange in 2023, and began mass production delivery of its Walker S2 robot in 2025.

Cruise was a San Francisco autonomous-vehicle company founded in 2013 and acquired by General Motors in 2016; it ran paid driverless rides in San Francisco before its permits were suspended and GM wound the business down.

Amazon Echo is an always-on, nine-inch cylindrical speaker that answers to the name Alexa. Launched in November 2014 by invitation, it put a voice assistant into an ordinary room rather than a phone.

Chinese supplier of advanced driver assistance and automated driving systems for passenger cars, founded in 2015, the largest domestic provider by installation volume, and listed in Hong Kong in 2024.

Aurora Innovation is a self-driving technology company founded in 2017 that went public in 2021 and began regular driverless commercial trucking between Dallas and Houston in April 2025.

Google TPU v2 is the second-generation Tensor Processing Unit announced in May 2017. It added floating-point support and the bfloat16 format, and scaled to 256-chip pods rated at 11.5 petaFLOPS.

Spot is Boston Dynamics' four-legged commercial robot, sold since September 2019 for industrial use. It carries modular payloads such as cameras and LIDAR, walks over steps and slopes, and more than 1,500 units are in customers' hands.

Waymo's app-based ride-hailing service, in which the car drives itself. It was the first service to carry public passengers without a safety driver, and it is how Waymo brings autonomous driving to ordinary riders.

Anthropic is an AI safety and research company founded in January 2021 by former OpenAI employees. It develops the Claude models and products, and its Responsible Scaling Policy sets out safety levels for its models.

Isomorphic Labs is an AI drug discovery company launched out of DeepMind and dated to 2021, building the IsoDDE platform and working with Novartis, Eli Lilly and Johnson & Johnson.

Tesla revealed a humanoid robot concept, later named Optimus, at its first AI Day on 19 August 2021, describing a person-sized machine meant to take on unwanted work, with a first physical version expected in 2022.

Chinese humanoid robotics company founded in February 2023 by Peng Zhihui, a former Huawei "genius youth"; it builds complete robots and their joint modules, and aims to push hardware costs below 200,000 yuan.

Figure 01 is the bipedal humanoid robot that startup Figure unveiled in March 2023, with design targets of 5 ft 6 in, 60 kg and a 20 kg payload, followed by a coffee-making demo and a BMW manufacturing agreement.

Claude apps (claude.ai) are Anthropic's chat assistant for consumers and businesses. The public beta opened with Claude 2 in 2023, and the apps have since added paid plans, Projects, web search and Research.

Claude 3 Opus, announced on 4 March 2024, was the most capable model in the Claude 3 family. It added vision and launched with a 200K-token context window and a Needle In A Haystack recall above 99%.

Cognition is the company behind Devin, introduced in March 2024 as the first autonomous software engineer, and the publisher of the FrontierCode benchmark, which judges AI-written code by whether a maintainer would merge it.

Devin is an AI software engineer built by Cognition and announced on 12 March 2024. It plans and carries out engineering tasks using a shell, a code editor and a browser inside a sandboxed environment.

NVIDIA's GB200 NVL72 is a liquid-cooled rack that links 72 Blackwell GPUs and 36 Grace CPUs into a single NVLink domain aimed at trillion-parameter AI. Announced at GTC in March 2024, it is the building block of NVIDIA's Blackwell-generation DGX SuperPOD.

Boston Dynamics unveiled a fully electric Atlas in April 2024, saying it would be stronger, more dexterous and quieter than earlier generations and calling it the start of the robot's commercial journey, with Hyundai as first partner.

Claude 3.5 Sonnet, released on 20 June 2024, was the first model of the Claude 3.5 family. It ran twice as fast as Claude 3 Opus at the mid-tier price and powered the new Artifacts and Projects features.

Figure 02 is the humanoid robot Figure introduced in August 2024, with redesigned hardware, 16-degree-of-freedom hands and triple the onboard compute of Figure 01. It loaded sheet-metal parts at BMW's Spartanburg plant before being retired in favour of Figure 03.

SK hynix's 12-layer HBM3E, announced in mass production on 26 September 2024, was the first 12-die high-bandwidth memory stack: 36 GB in a package no thicker than the eight-layer version, running at 9.6 Gbps.

Huawei's Ascend 910C is a data-center AI chip in the 910 series, built on the Da Vinci architecture. It reached the market in the first quarter of 2025 with 800 TFLOPS of FP16 compute and 128 GB of HBM.

Huawei CloudMatrix384 is a Huawei Cloud service instance built on Atlas 900 A3 SuperPoDs, each linking up to 384 Ascend 910C chips so that they work as one computer.

Claude Code is Anthropic's agentic coding tool. It was announced on 24 February 2025 as a research preview that works in the terminal, and it now runs in many places, from the terminal and IDEs to the web and Slack.

A rack-scale NVIDIA system announced in March 2025 that links 72 Blackwell Ultra GPUs and 36 Grace CPUs into one unit, rated at 1.5 times the AI performance of GB200 NVL72.

SK hynix said on 19 March 2025 that it was the first to supply 12-layer HBM4 samples, a stack offering more than 2 TB of data per second and 36 GB of capacity, over 60% faster than HBM3E.

Codex is OpenAI's software-engineering agent. It started in 2025 as an open-source terminal tool and a cloud agent inside ChatGPT, and later grew into a desktop app with millions of weekly users.

AMD's data-center GPU for AI, introduced in June 2025 on the CDNA 4 architecture, with 288 GB of HBM3E memory and very high low-precision throughput aimed at generative AI inference, positioned against Nvidia's Blackwell generation.

Huawei's Ascend 950 is a two-chip AI series announced in September 2025, pairing a shared die with Huawei's own high bandwidth memory, up to 2 PFLOPS in low precision formats and 2 TB/s interconnect.

Figure 03 is Figure's third-generation humanoid robot, announced in October 2025. It is designed around the company's Helix AI for home tasks and mass manufacturing, with a new camera system, tactile hands and wireless charging.

The Agentic AI Foundation is a Linux Foundation project launched in December 2025 to provide vendor-neutral governance for agent interoperability, security and accountability. It grew from three hosted projects to ten and passed 300 member organisations within a year.

Figure AI is a Sunnyvale, California company building general-purpose humanoid robots for industrial work, backed by a large investor group and partnered with BMW Manufacturing.

The European Commission is the executive body of the European Union: it proposes laws and policies, monitors how they are applied, manages the EU budget and represents the EU externally.

Tesla is the American company behind Optimus, a humanoid robot first shown as a concept at its 2021 AI Day; later reports describe pilot production lines, plans for volume manufacturing and a target unit cost below US$20,000.

The State Council is China's Central People's Government: the executive body of the highest organ of state power and the highest organ of state administration, led by a Premier who assumes overall responsibility.

IBM is an American technology company founded in 1911 as the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company and renamed International Business Machines in 1924. Its researchers built Deep Blue, which beat Garry Kasparov in 1997, and the Watson question-answering system.

Edward Feigenbaum (born 1936) is known as the father of expert systems. His projects produced DENDRAL, META-DENDRAL, MYCIN and ONCOCIN, he pioneered the term "knowledge engineering", and he shared the 1994 ACM Turing Award.

IBM Research built Deep Blue, which beat world chess champion Garry Kasparov in 1997, and Watson, which won Jeopardy! in 2011. Nathaniel Rochester of IBM was also one of the four signatories of the 1955 Dartmouth proposal.

Taiwan-born computer scientist and executive who built research labs at Microsoft and Google in China, co-founded Sinovation Ventures, wrote widely read books on AI, and founded the foundation-model company 01.AI.

Satya Nadella is the chief executive of Microsoft, who has led the company since 2014 and pushed it toward cloud computing and AI partnerships, including the 2019 deal with OpenAI.

IJCAI is a non-profit corporation founded in California in 1969 for scientific and educational purposes; it runs the IJCAI conference series (biennial in odd years from 1969, annual since 2015) and publishes a journal and proceedings.

PARC is a Silicon Valley research center founded by Xerox in 1970, known for Ethernet, laser printing and the Alto personal computer; it became an independent company in 2002 and joined SRI International in 2023.

Indian-born American executive who rose from leading Google Chrome and Android to become CEO of Google and then Alphabet, and who has overseen the company's push into AI, including Bard and Google DeepMind.

Oracle is an American software company founded in 1977 that sells database software, enterprise applications, and cloud infrastructure and hardware. A 2025 disclosure of cloud commitments with OpenAI reshaped its standing among the world's largest companies.

R1, known inside Digital Equipment Corporation as XCON, was a rule-based expert system written by John P. McDermott at Carnegie Mellon University in 1978 to configure VAX computer orders automatically.

Brett Adcock is a founder of several technology companies, including the recruiting platform Vettery, the electric aircraft maker Archer Aviation and the humanoid robotics company Figure AI, where he is chief executive.

Huawei is a Chinese information and communications technology company founded in Shenzhen in 1987. It designs its own Ascend AI chips and the software and large computing systems built around them.

Daniela Amodei is an American entrepreneur and co-founder of Anthropic, where she serves as President and leads teams focused on AI safety and alignment. She previously worked at Stripe and OpenAI.

Dragon Dictate, released by Dragon Systems in 1990, was the first speech-recognition product sold to consumers; at $9,000 it was costly, but it started the line of products that led to continuous speech recognition.

Microsoft's corporate research division, founded in 1991, whose researchers produced work such as the ResNet image-recognition architecture and helped build features used in Kinect, Bing, HoloLens, Cortana and Microsoft Translator.

Dragon NaturallySpeaking is speech recognition software from Dragon Systems, first released in 1997 as a continuous dictation product; it turns speech into text, runs spoken commands and reads documents aloud, and is still sold today under Microsoft.

iFlytek is a Chinese information technology company founded in 1999 and headquartered in Hefei. It is known for speech technology and for its Spark large language models, first released on 6 May 2023.

Brin and Page's PageRank technical report treats hyperlinks as citations to rank web pages and was used to build Google's search engine; it is one of the heavily cited papers on their early work.

Alibaba Group is a technology company founded in 1999 that describes itself as focused on AI + Cloud and commerce; its Qwen models and data centre build-out are central to that positioning.

Salesforce is a San Francisco enterprise software company founded in 1999 that sells customer relationship management software by subscription, and has grown into one of the largest business software firms in the world.

CALO was SRI's cognitive assistant project, begun in 2003 as part of a five-year, 150 million dollar DARPA program, built to learn from observation rather than fixed programming. Its work on virtual personal assistants was later leveraged to create Siri.

Wolfram|Alpha is a web service that answers questions by computing results rather than returning links. Built entirely in Mathematica, it went live in test mode on 15 May 2009 and was declared officially launched three days later.

Bing is Microsoft's consumer search brand, launched on 3 June 2009 and pitched as a "Decision Engine" meant to help people make faster, better-informed decisions in areas such as shopping, travel, health and local business.

Siri was a mobile app, on sale in Apple's App Store from February 2010, that turned spoken requests into answers using speech recognition, GPS and partner services. Apple bought the company behind it that April.

Coursera is an online learning platform launched in 2012 by Andrew Ng and Daphne Koller, offering courses, Specializations, Professional Certificates, degrees and skills-focused learning with a mission of universal access to world-class learning.

A Google search feature announced in 2012 that models real-world entities and their relationships, so that search can work with "things, not strings".

Baxter was a two-armed robot unveiled by Rethink Robotics in September 2012, designed to work safely beside people on factory lines without safety cages and to be taught by hand, at a list price of $22,000.

Databricks is a San Francisco software company founded in 2013 by seven people behind Apache Spark, which grew out of the University of California, Berkeley AMPLab project [1][2]. Its valuation rose from $38 billion in 2021 to $188 billion in 2026 [4][11].

Recursion is a drug discovery company that pairs automated laboratory experiments with computation; its Recursion OS platform spans target identification to clinical trial enrolment. It listed on Nasdaq in 2021 and combined with Exscientia in 2024.

1X Technologies is the robotics company, founded in 2014 as Halodi Robotics, that builds tendon-driven humanoid robots. In October 2025 it announced NEO, a home humanoid priced at $20,000 or by monthly subscription, with first deliveries planned for 2026.

Insilico Medicine is a drug discovery company founded in the United States in 2014 that pairs an AI software platform, Pharma.AI, with its own pipeline of drug programmes and automated laboratory work.

Preferred Networks, Inc. is a Tokyo technology company founded in 2014 that builds AI processors, runs its own supercomputer and develops Japanese large language models, with major Japanese manufacturers among its shareholders.

SenseTime is a Chinese AI company founded in October 2014 and listed in Hong Kong at the end of 2021. It develops the SenseNova large models and, in 2026, reported its first IFRS net profit since listing.

A Chinese chip designer founded in 2014 that builds x86-compatible processors and DCU accelerators, listed on the STAR Market in 2022 and positioning itself around a self-developed C86 plus GPGPU product line.

Li Auto is a Chinese automaker that describes itself as a pioneer in commercialising extended-range electric vehicles in China. It sells extended-range and battery-electric family vehicles and has built a large delivery, retail and charging footprint.

A data company founded in 2016 that produces labeled and evaluated training data for AI models, counting OpenAI, Meta and Microsoft among its customers; in 2025 Meta took a 49% non-voting stake for more than $14 billion.

Momenta is a Chinese "physical AI" company founded in 2016 by Cao Xudong that supplies driving software to carmakers around the world, and it listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange in July 2026.

Apptronik is an Austin robotics company spun out of a University of Texas lab in 2016 that builds the Apollo humanoid robot and has signed commercial deals with Mercedes-Benz and GXO Logistics.

A Chinese AI chip company founded in 2016 and listed on the STAR Market in 2020. It designs cloud, edge and endpoint chips, and in 2025 it turned profitable as revenue rose sharply.

Pony.ai is an autonomous driving company founded in Fremont, California, in late 2016. It runs robotaxi, robotruck and personal-vehicle businesses on a common "virtual driver" system, and operates in both California and China.

Waymo is Alphabet's self-driving technology company, spun out of Google's autonomous car project in December 2016. It builds the software and sensors that drive vehicles rather than the vehicles themselves.

WeRide is an autonomous driving company founded in Silicon Valley in 2017 by Tony Han, formerly chief scientist of Baidu's autonomous driving unit. Its WeRide One platform spans L2 to L4 autonomy, and its vehicles run in more than 60 cities.

A New Jersey cloud company that began as an ethereum miner and became a large-scale GPU computing provider for AI, backed by NVIDIA and listed on Nasdaq in 2025 alongside a major OpenAI deal.

AI21 Labs is an Israeli AI company founded in Tel Aviv in November 2017 that builds large language models, including the Jurassic and Jamba families, and the Wordtune writing assistant.

Amazon SageMaker is AWS's fully managed service for building, training and hosting machine learning models, announced in 2017. It combines hosted notebooks, distributed training and scalable inference endpoints, and each part can be used on its own.

Runway is a New York-based AI video company founded in 2018. It co-released Stable Diffusion in 2022, has built a series of video models from Gen-1 to Gen-4.5, and in February 2026 raised $315 million at a $5.3 billion valuation.

An annual artificial intelligence conference held in Shanghai since 2018, co-hosted by Chinese government bodies and the Shanghai municipal government, combining forums, exhibitions and signed investment projects.

Google's third-generation Tensor Processing Unit, introduced in 2018, with doubled HBM capacity, higher peak throughput, lower power draw and liquid cooling for denser pods.

Cohere is a Toronto-based enterprise AI company founded in 2019. It builds the Command family of language models, sells them to businesses, and in September 2026 signed a definitive agreement to combine with Aleph Alpha.

Zhipu AI, also known as Z.ai, is a Beijing company founded in 2019 as a Tsinghua University spin-out. It develops the GLM model family and related chatbot, video, agent and coding products, and listed in Hong Kong in January 2026.

Chinese chip designer founded in 2019 that builds general-purpose GPU (GPGPU) chips and intelligent computing solutions on its self-developed BILI series hardware and BIRENSUPA software, for AI training and inference from cloud to edge.

Chinese GPU company Moore Threads, founded in 2020 by former Nvidia China head Zhang Jianzhong, sells AI accelerator cards, servers and clusters built on its MUSA architecture. It listed on the STAR Market in 2025 and is growing fast while still loss-making.

Shenmai FFR is a software package that applies deep learning to CT coronary angiograms to estimate coronary flow reserve, helping clinicians judge whether a narrowing will cause myocardial ischaemia. It holds medical device approvals in China, the EU and the US.

NVIDIA's third-generation DGX system, unveiled on 14 May 2020: eight A100 GPUs, 320 GB of GPU memory, five petaflops of rated AI performance, and the ability to split into as many as 56 instances.

The OpenAI API is OpenAI's commercial developer platform, announced on 11 June 2020 with GPT-3. Over the following years it grew into a platform for building AI agents, adding the Responses API, Agents SDK, AgentKit and other tools.

Cambricon's third-generation cloud AI chip, released in 2021: a 7 nm chiplet design with two compute dies, 256 TOPS at INT8, LPDDR5 memory and multi-chip interconnect, positioned for cost-effective inference.

Stretch is Boston Dynamics' first commercial robot designed specifically for warehouses, unveiled in March 2021 to unload trucks and, in later plans, to build orders.

Kunlunxin is the AI chip company spun out of Baidu in April 2021, continuing Baidu's Kunlun chip line. It designs processors for AI workloads in data centres and is one of China's largest domestic AI chip suppliers.

An AI coding collaborator covering public use cases such as completion, explanation, and software-development workflows.

AMD's data-center GPU accelerator launched on 8 November 2021, built on the CDNA 2 architecture with 220 compute units, 128 GB of HBM2e memory, and strong double-precision throughput alongside low-precision AI formats.

NVIDIA's A800 is a data-center GPU that went into production in 2022 as a China-market alternative to the A100, with a reduced chip-to-chip transfer rate to meet US export-control thresholds.

Adept is an AI company founded in 2022 that set out to train large multimodal models and turn them into agents, open-sourced the Fuyu-8B model in 2023, and shifted focus in 2024 when its co-founders joined Amazon.

NVIDIA's fourth-generation DGX system, announced in March 2022, packs eight H100 GPUs linked by NVLink plus BlueField-3 networking, and is rated at 32 petaflops of FP8 AI performance for enterprise AI infrastructure.

Biren's general-purpose GPU, released in August 2022, packages two dies on a 7 nm process with 77 billion transistors; the company claimed PFLOPS-level single-chip compute, a first for a Chinese firm.

Skild AI is a robotics company founded in 2023 that builds a general-purpose robotic foundation model, intended to act as a single brain across many robot bodies and tasks such as manipulation, locomotion and navigation.

Cambricon's MLU 590 is a 7 nm cloud AI chip released in 2023 for both training and inference on models with hundreds of billions of parameters, and the centrepiece of the company's fifth-generation MLUarch line.

PixVerse, founded in 2023 as Aishi Technology, is an AI video generation company whose in-house models power a web app, an API and agent tools; a March 2026 Series C made it a unicorn.

NVIDIA's China-specific data-center GPU, built to stay inside US export controls. Cut down from the H100 in core count and performance, it was still the most advanced NVIDIA chip legally sold in China until April 2025.

01.AI is a Beijing-based artificial intelligence company founded in 2023 by Kai-Fu Lee. It builds open and closed large language models, including the Yi series, and the Wanzhi enterprise platform.

Chinese generative-AI company founded in March 2023 that built the Vidu video model and now describes two lines of work: world generation models and world action models.

Claude is the AI assistant Anthropic announced on 14 March 2023, its first publicly available assistant. It was built around training AI to be helpful, honest and harmless, and it started the Claude model line.

Microsoft 365 Copilot is Microsoft's AI assistant for Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Outlook and Teams, which pairs large language models with a customer's business data.

Mistral AI is a Paris-based company founded in April 2023. It builds open-weight and commercial large language models, the Le Chat assistant and the Vibe coding agent, and it has grown quickly through several large funding rounds.

SenseNova is SenseTime's family of foundation models, unveiled on 10 April 2023 with a chatbot, an image generator and an avatar video generator, first offered to government and corporate clients rather than the public.

Amazon Bedrock is AWS's managed, serverless service for accessing foundation models from several companies, announced on 13 April 2023. It became generally available in September 2023 and added Amazon's own Nova models and the AgentCore agent platform later.

SparkDesk is iFlytek's cognitive large model, unveiled on 6 May 2023 as the company's answer to ChatGPT in education and enterprise uses, built on Huawei Ascend chips and followed by rapid version updates through 2024.

PaLM 2 is Google's second-generation Pathways language model, announced on 10 May 2023 in four sizes and used across more than 25 Google products, including Bard.

Claude 2 is the second major version of Anthropic's assistant model, released on 11 July 2023 with better performance and longer responses. It was the first Claude model open to the general public.

Meta's family of open-weight language models released in July 2023 in 7B, 13B and 70B sizes, each with a dialogue-tuned Chat variant, issued under a custom licence that allowed free research and commercial use.

Hunyuan is Tencent's first proprietary large foundation model, unveiled in September 2023 and offered to enterprises through Tencent Cloud. The line was later branded Hy.

ERNIE 4.0 is Baidu's foundation model unveiled in October 2023, pitched as its most capable model and, in Robin Li's words, "not inferior in any aspect to GPT-4". It anchors Baidu's ERNIE Bot assistant and Qianfan platform.

GPT-4 Turbo is a cheaper, more capable version of OpenAI's GPT-4, announced on 6 November 2023 with a 128,000-token context window and lower API prices.

GPT Actions let a custom GPT call external APIs, turning a user's request into the JSON input an API needs. Introduced by OpenAI on 6 November 2023, they grew out of the plugins beta and rely on OpenAPI schemas plus authentication settings.

NVIDIA's H200, announced in November 2023, is a data center GPU that was the first to use HBM3e memory, offering 141 GB at 4.8 TB/s — nearly double the A100's capacity — and roughly double the H100's inference speed on Llama 2 70B.

Claude 2.1, released on 21 November 2023, doubled the context window to 200,000 tokens and cut false statements by half compared with Claude 2.0. It added tool use and system prompts.

Intel Gaudi 3 is an AI accelerator introduced in 2024, built from two 5 nm compute dies with 128 GB of HBM2e and 1,835 TFLOPS of BF16 and FP8 matrix throughput, plus integrated 200GbE networking on its OAM module.

A mid-size multimodal model in Google's Gemini 1.5 generation, announced in February 2024, known for a context window that reached one million tokens and later two million.

Mistral Large is the French company Mistral AI's first flagship proprietary large language model, released on 26 February 2024 with a 32K-token context window, native fluency in five languages, and built-in function calling and JSON output.

Le Chat is Mistral AI's assistant, launched in beta on 26 February 2024. It gained web search, a Pro tier, Deep Research and other features over 2024 and 2025, and on 28 May 2026 it was merged into the Vibe agent.

Claude 3 Sonnet was the middle model of Anthropic's Claude 3 family, announced on 4 March 2024. It powered the free tier of claude.ai, offered a 200K-token context window, and was retired on 21 July 2025.

Claude 3 Haiku is the smallest and fastest model in Anthropic's Claude 3 family, announced in March 2024 with low per-token pricing, a 200K-token context window and image input; retired in April 2026.

DBRX is Databricks' openly licensed large language model, a mixture-of-experts transformer with 132 billion total parameters and 36 billion active per token, announced on 27 March 2024.

Cohere's 104-billion-parameter language model, announced in April 2024, is tuned for retrieval-augmented generation and multi-step tool use in business settings; it launched first on Microsoft Azure and was also released as open weights.

Meta's second-generation in-house AI chip, published on 10 April 2024, built on TSMC's 5-nanometer process and aimed at the ranking and recommendation models Meta runs in its own data centers.

SenseNova 5.0 is SenseTime's large language model released in April 2024, built on a mixture-of-experts architecture with a roughly 200K-token context window, which the company positioned as matching or surpassing GPT-4 Turbo.

Snowflake's open-weight model with 480 billion total and 17 billion active parameters, built as a dense-MoE hybrid, released in April 2024 under Apache 2.0 and trained for under 2 million dollars.

Yi-Large is a closed large language model with about one hundred billion parameters, released by 01.AI on 13 May 2024 and offered through its API platform; 01.AI reported top rankings for it on several public benchmarks.

ByteDance's Doubao model family, launched through Volcano Engine in May 2024, offered general-purpose, speech and image models at prices far below rivals, helping set off a price war among Chinese providers.

Mistral AI's second-generation flagship model, released in July 2024 with 123 billion parameters, a 128K-token context window, wide language and code coverage, and weights published under a research license.

The upgraded Claude 3.5 Sonnet, announced on 22 October 2024, raised coding and agentic scores and introduced computer use in public beta, the first such offer from a frontier AI model.

IRON is XPENG's humanoid robot, first shown in November 2024 and redesigned a year later. It borrows the chip, vision system and AI models XPENG developed for its cars, and was trialled on a car production line.

Amazon Nova is Amazon's family of foundation models, introduced on 3 December 2024 and offered exclusively in Amazon Bedrock. It spans text understanding models from Micro to Pro, plus Canvas for images and Reel for video, and was succeeded by Nova 2 in December 2025.

Arena Intelligence is the company formed in 2025 by the team behind Chatbot Arena; it runs the LMArena model-comparison platform and states that it has 250 million dollars in venture funding.

Hygon's Shengsuan No. 3 is a GPGPU-architecture deep computing processor that reached the market in 2025, built on a 7 nm chiplet design with 1.8 TB/s of HBM bandwidth and a CUDA-like software stack.

Moore Threads' flagship training-and-inference GPU card, built on the PH100 chip and the Pinghu architecture, rated at 1,000 TFLOPS of dense AI compute with 80 GB of memory, and the company's main shipping product in 2025.

AGNTCY is an open-source project, open sourced by Cisco in March 2025 and welcomed by the Linux Foundation in July 2025, that gives AI agents from different vendors shared infrastructure for discovery, identity, messaging and observability.

Command A is Cohere's 111-billion-parameter model, released in March 2025 with a 256k-token context window. Cohere said it runs on two GPUs and delivers 150% higher throughput than Command R+ 08-2024.

Amazon Nova Act is a model and SDK, released in March 2025, that lets AI agents carry out tasks inside a web browser by breaking workflows into small commands developers interleave with Python code.

Google's 2025 open protocol for discovery, communication, and collaboration across agents from different vendors or frameworks.

OpenAI's April 2025 family of three API models — GPT-4.1, GPT-4.1 mini and GPT-4.1 nano — offering a context window of over a million tokens, low prices per token and stronger coding scores. It was succeeded by GPT-5.

ByteDance Seed's general-purpose model series, announced on 11 June 2025 as Doubao Large Model 1.6, combining multimodal input, a 256K context window and a mode that decides per prompt whether to reason before answering.

AMD Instinct MI350X is a data-center GPU in AMD's MI350 series, built on the CDNA 4 architecture with up to 288 GB of HBM3E memory, up to 8 TB/s of bandwidth and a 1,000 W board power.

Tesla Robotaxi is Tesla's ride-hailing service, in which passengers hail autonomous vehicles through the company's app; its dedicated two-seat Cybercab has no steering wheel, pedals or mirrors. Limited service began in Austin in June 2025.

An open protocol announced by Google on 17 September 2025 for securely initiating and settling payments carried out by AI agents across platforms, using signed Mandates as verifiable proof of a user's instructions.

Huawei's Ascend 970 is a planned AI chip announced in September 2025 as the last entry on the company's published roadmap, targeted for the fourth quarter of 2028 with roughly double the compute and wider interconnect and memory bandwidth than the Ascend 960.

The Ascend 960 is a Huawei AI chip on the company's three-year roadmap, slated for the fourth quarter of 2027 with twice the compute, memory and interconnect ports of the Ascend 950 and support for Huawei's HiF4 4-bit format.

An open standard released by OpenAI with Stripe in September 2025 that lets AI agents, people and businesses complete purchases together, and the basis of Instant Checkout in ChatGPT.

Solar Open 100B is Upstage's open-weight mixture-of-experts language model for English and Korean, released in December 2025 with 102.6 billion total parameters, 12 billion active per token, and a custom licence.

GPT-5.2 is a model family OpenAI released on 11 December 2025, with Instant, Thinking and Pro versions and a coding variant. It was aimed at professional work such as spreadsheets and presentations.

Cambricon's flagship MLU 690, in mass production since early 2026, is a dual-die accelerator with 196 GB of HBM3 memory and more than 700 TFLOPS of FP16 compute, aimed at very large-scale training workloads.

Boston Dynamics and Hyundai Motor Group unveiled a production-ready Atlas humanoid in January 2026, with deployments planned at Hyundai and Google DeepMind and a fleet trained using reinforcement learning and foundation models.

Claude Cowork is an agent for non-coding knowledge work, such as research, analysis and document creation. It launched as a research preview in January 2026 and now runs on desktop, web and mobile.

Microsoft's Maia 200 is an inference accelerator introduced on 26 January 2026, built on TSMC's 3-nanometer process with 216 GB of HBM3e memory and more than 10 petaflops at FP4, aimed at serving models such as OpenAI's GPT-5.2.

Released on 5 February 2026, Claude Opus 4.6 was an upgrade to Anthropic's smartest model. It was the first Opus-class model with a 1M-token context window, in beta at launch, and it introduced agent teams in Claude Code.

GPT-5.4 is a model OpenAI released on 5 March 2026 in Thinking and Pro versions. It added built-in computer use and improved deep research, and it was the model that succeeded GPT-5.2.

Command A+ is Cohere's open-source mixture-of-experts language model, released on 20 May 2026 under the Apache 2.0 licence with 218 billion total and 25 billion active parameters, aimed at sovereign and critical-infrastructure deployments.

MAI-Thinking-1 is Microsoft AI's flagship reasoning model, launched on 2 June 2026 at Microsoft Build. Microsoft said it was preferred to Anthropic's Claude Sonnet 4.6 in blind human evaluations, and that developers could fine-tune its weights for the first time.

Claude Opus 5.5, released on 22 September 2026, is the first model in Anthropic's Claude 5.5 family. Anthropic said it performs at the level of Fable 5.1 on most work, at about 40% lower cost than Opus 5.

Kolibri-1 is Aleph Alpha's open-weight German–English mixture-of-experts model: 78.1 billion parameters with 3.46 billion active per token, a 1,048,576-token context window, and weights that fit on a single H200 or B200.

Claude Haiku 5.5, released on 7 October 2026, is the third model in the Claude 5.5 family. Anthropic called it the cheapest, fastest and most capable small model it had released, at about 75% less cost to run on average.

LangChain is the company behind the open-source LangChain and LangGraph frameworks and the commercial LangSmith platform, which developers use to observe, evaluate and deploy applications built on large language models.

Sierra is a company co-founded by Bret Taylor and Clay Bavor that helps businesses build customer experiences with AI agents, positioning the technology as augmentation of human staff rather than replacement.

Windsurf, formerly Codeium, is an agentic IDE founded by Varun Mohan and Douglas Chen. In 2025 its technology was licensed to Google while its chief executive joined Google, and the company itself was acquired by Cognition.

Lovable is a platform that turns a plain-language description into working software, handling hosting, backend and payments; its co-founder says annual run-rate revenue passed $600 million.

Joseph Tsai is co-founder and chairman of Alibaba Group. A lawyer by training, he has served on the company's board since its founding in 1999 and has previously held the roles of chief financial officer and head of strategic investments.

Pony Ma is a co-founder of Tencent and serves as its chairman of the board and chief executive officer. He studied computer science at Shenzhen University and has spent his career in telecommunications and the internet industry.

PackBot is iRobot's tactical mobile robot, developed under a 1998 DARPA contract. It carried out search work at the World Trade Center site in 2001 and was first deployed by the US military in 2002.

AWS Trainium is a chip built by Amazon Web Services for deep learning training, sold through EC2 Trn1 instances that AWS says cut training costs by up to 50% compared with comparable instances.

AWS Inferentia2 is Amazon Web Services' second-generation chip built for inference, offering 32 GB of high-bandwidth memory, up to 190 TFLOPS in FP16 and up to 12 chips per EC2 Inf2 instance.

Anysphere is the company behind Cursor, an AI-assisted coding tool. Between 2024 and 2025 it raised four rounds, reaching a $29.3 billion valuation, over $1 billion in annualized revenue, and use by more than half of the Fortune 500.

Aidan Gomez is a Canadian computer scientist, co-founder and CEO of Cohere, and one of the eight authors of the 2017 paper that introduced the Transformer architecture.

Google TPU v5e is a 2023 machine-learning accelerator chip with one TensorCore per chip, 197 TFLOP of bfloat16 peak compute, and 256-chip pods, positioned for both training and serving.

Agility Robotics builds Digit, a bipedal mobile manipulation robot, and assembles it at its own factory in Salem, Oregon. The company has tested the robot with Amazon and deployed it with a logistics customer under a multi-year agreement.

Digit is Agility Robotics' human-centric, multi-purpose robot for logistics work. It moves and handles totes in warehouses, including repetitive tote recycling for Amazon and conveyor feeding at a GXO facility.

Snowflake is a cloud data platform company that also builds its own open language models; its Arctic model pairs a dense transformer with a sparse mixture of experts and shipped under Apache 2.0.

Fidji Simo is a technology executive who led Instacart and became OpenAI's chief executive of Applications in 2025; in July 2026 she stepped down for health reasons and moved into a part-time advisory role.

Intel is a semiconductor company. Its 2017 purchase of Mobileye, later partly floated, and its decision to keep Falcon Shores as an internal test chip show how it enters and steps back from adjacent markets.

Toyota Motor Corporation is an automaker that in 2015 announced the Toyota Research Institute, a separate company focused on artificial intelligence and robotics, backed by about $1 billion over five years.

Baidu Research is the research arm of Baidu, built around the Institute of Deep Learning founded in 2013, with laboratories in Beijing and Silicon Valley; in 2014 Andrew Ng became chief scientist in charge of the whole organisation.

The University of Alberta's Department of Computing Science is the institutional home of the Chinook checkers project, and the university has trained a long line of researchers who use games to test ideas in artificial intelligence.

Rethink Robotics was a Massachusetts robotics company whose humanoid robot Baxter, unveiled in 2012, was designed to work safely alongside people on factory production lines.

SK hynix is a Korea-headquartered supplier of DRAM and NAND flash memory, and the company that released the first high-bandwidth memory (HBM) and says it has developed and shipped every HBM generation since.

Bernt Øyvind Børnich is CEO of 1X Technologies, the robotics company he founded in 2014 as Halodi Robotics; its work spans humanoid robots and the Revo1 servo motor.

Chinese engineer and technology communicator who worked on AI chips and algorithms at Huawei and co-founded the robotics company AgiBot, where he is president and chief technology officer.

The GH200 Grace Hopper Superchip is an NVIDIA module that puts a 72-core Arm CPU and a Hopper GPU in one package joined by NVLink-C2C, pairing fast HBM with up to 480 GB of CPU memory for AI and technical computing.

Physical Intelligence is a company that develops foundation models and learning algorithms for robots, aiming to bring general-purpose AI into the physical world. It publishes generalist robot policies such as π0 and π0.5, along with open weights and code.

General Motors acquired the self-driving startup Cruise Automation in 2016, then stopped funding its robotaxi work in December 2024 and refocused on hands-free driver assistance such as Super Cruise.

Lisa Su is an electrical engineer who became AMD's president and chief executive officer in 2014 and chair of its board in 2022, serving during the company's push into AI accelerators.

Notion AI is Notion's set of AI features — agents, enterprise search, meeting notes and admin controls — sold per seat, with a Notion Agent that completes multi-step tasks and Custom Agents that automate recurring team work.

Harry Shum is a computer scientist who spent most of his career at Microsoft, helping found Microsoft Research Asia in Beijing and later leading the company's AI and Research group. He is an IEEE Fellow and ACM Fellow recognised for computer vision and graphics.

Accel is a venture capital firm that describes itself as the first partner to exceptional teams everywhere. Its portfolio runs to hundreds of companies, and it invests at both seed and late stages, including several large AI-related rounds.

Aleph Alpha is the company behind Kolibri, an open-weight model released on 3 October 2026 and built around data sovereignty and German-language specialisation rather than raw scale.

Eddie Wu is a co-founder of Alibaba Group who has been its chief executive officer and a director since September 2023, after more than two decades in technical and business roles across Alipay, Alimama and Taobao.

Runway builds generative video, image and audio tools used by more than 60 million creative users, and researches general-purpose world models that simulate video, audio and interfaces in real time.

Poolside is an AI company building models for software work; in April 2026 it released the Laguna M.1 and Laguna XS.2 models and pool, the agent runtime behind its reinforcement learning.

Sarvam AI is an Indian company building a sovereign AI stack; its Sarvam-M, a post-trained 24-billion-parameter Mistral Small released under Apache-2.0, reports large gains on Indian-language benchmarks.

ElevenLabs is an AI voice and media platform whose business spans voice generation, voice agents for customer experience and creative tools; it ended 2025 with $350 million in annual recurring revenue.

T. Rowe Price is a US asset management firm founded in 1937, reporting $1.86 trillion in assets under management and known for retirement and target-date investing. It was also a significant investor in Anthropic's $13 billion Series F round.

A society for computing educators, researchers and professionals, founded in 1947 at Columbia University and headquartered in New York, with nearly 110,000 members and the Turing Award among its recognitions.

Yoav Shoham is an Israeli-American computer scientist, professor emeritus at Stanford and co-founder and chairman of AI21 Labs. He initiated the AI Index and has worked on AI, game theory and multi-agent systems.

Liu Qingfeng is the president and chairman of iFlytek, the company he founded in 1999 while a Ph.D. student at USTC. He unveiled the Spark large model in May 2023.

Dragon Systems was a speech recognition company in Newton, Massachusetts, founded in 1982 by James K. Baker and Janet M. Baker. It made DragonDictate and NaturallySpeaking; its product line later passed to Nuance.

An American robotics company founded in 1990 by three MIT researchers, iRobot built space and military robots before its Roomba vacuum cleaner made it a consumer name; it listed on NASDAQ in 2005 and filed for bankruptcy protection in 2025.

Informatica is an American software company founded in 1993 that sells enterprise cloud data management and data integration software, from data catalog and governance to master data management. It went public in 1999, was taken private in 2015, relisted in 2021, and was acquired by Salesforce in 2025.

Canadian machine-learning researcher who was one of Geoffrey Hinton's earliest hires at Google Brain's Toronto office, co-founded the natural language processing company Cohere in Toronto in 2019, and is lead vocalist of the indie rock band Good Kid.

A software-focused investment firm that dates its software investing to a 1995 bet, reports over $90 billion in regulatory assets under management, and has invested in more than 900 companies worldwide.

A Chinese consumer electronics and smart manufacturing company built around smartphones, smart hardware and its AIoT platform, listed in Hong Kong in 2018 and extending its engineering into quadruped and humanoid robots.

Megvii is a Chinese computer vision company founded in 2011 by three Tsinghua graduates. Its Face++ cloud platform opened face recognition to developers, and it was the earliest founded of the "CV four little dragons."

Huawei's artificial intelligence research centre, founded in 2012 and part of the company's 2012 Laboratories, with sites in China, Hong Kong, Europe and Canada and research spanning vision, language, search and recommendation, and decision-making.

DNNresearch Inc. was a University of Toronto start-up founded in 2012 by Geoffrey Hinton and two of his graduate students; Google bought it for its deep neural network research.

American labor union formed in 2012 by the merger of the Screen Actors Guild and AFTRA, representing about 170,000 media professionals and known for its Actor Awards and its 2023 contract protections on digital replicas.

Yitu Technology is a Chinese computer vision company founded in September 2012 by Zhu Long and Lin Chenxi. It is counted among the "CV four little dragons", alongside Megvii, SenseTime and CloudWalk, that grew out of computer vision in China's early AI industry.

XPENG is a Chinese maker of smart electric vehicles founded in 2014 and headquartered in Guangzhou, which has extended its in-house AI work to humanoid robots, new driving models and robotaxi plans.

CloudWalk Technology is a Chinese AI company built on academic face recognition research. Founded in April 2015, it was the last of the four Chinese computer vision firms known as the "CV four little dragons" to be established.

British chip company founded in 2016 in Bristol that designs Intelligence Processing Units for AI workloads; it raised large sums, reported heavy losses, and became a SoftBank Group subsidiary in 2024.

Chinese medical-AI company founded in 2016 that focuses on AI for diagnosing and treating coronary heart disease, and says it holds China's first class III AI medical device certificate.

A handheld machine translation device from iFlytek, first released as Xiaoyi Translator in 2016, which the company's brand history describes as creating the AI translator product category.

A nonprofit coalition of industry, academic, civil society and media organizations, formed in 2016 to guide the responsible development and use of artificial intelligence.

Covariant is a robotics AI company founded in 2017 by researchers largely from UC Berkeley; in 2024 Amazon hired its founders and took a non-exclusive licence to its robotics foundation models.

EVE is a wheeled humanoid robot released by Halodi Robotics, later 1X, in 2018 for logistics, security and medical work. It later became the company's testbed for learning autonomous manipulation from video and teleoperation.

Sanctuary AI is a Vancouver-based robotics company founded in 2018 that aims to build human-like intelligence for general-purpose robots. Its humanoid robot Phoenix was named to TIME's Best Inventions of 2023 list, and the company reported its first commercial deployment that year.

T-Head Semiconductor is Alibaba's chip design unit, founded in 2018. It has released the Hanguang 800 AI inference chip, the Yitian 710 server CPU and the Zhenwu PPU AI processor, which Alibaba uses at scale for its Qwen models.

Writer is an enterprise AI company founded in 2020 by May Habib and Waseem AlShikh, selling brand-aware agents and governance tools to large companies, and publishing the Palmyra-mini family of small open models.

MetaX is a Shanghai-based GPU chip company founded in September 2020 that designs full-stack GPU chips and solutions; it is counted among China's four leading GPU startups and listed on the STAR Market in December 2025.

Content provenance is a checkable record of where a piece of media came from and how it was edited, attached to the file itself. The C2PA, founded in 2021 by Adobe, Arm, BBC, Intel, Microsoft and Truepic, publishes the technical standard behind it.

Langboat Technology is a Chinese AI company founded in June 2021 and incubated at Sinovation Ventures; it develops the in-house Mengzi model family and sells an enterprise agent platform and applications built on it.

Inflection AI is an American AI company founded in 2022 by Reid Hoffman, Mustafa Suleyman and Karén Simonyan. It built the chatbot Pi and, in 2024, moved most of its staff and technology to Microsoft.

Cohere's first flagship instruction-following generative model, released in 2023 and distributed through Cohere's API and cloud marketplaces such as Amazon SageMaker JumpStart and Oracle Cloud Infrastructure, later superseded by Command R and deprecated in 2025.

A lighter, cheaper and faster version of Anthropic's Claude model, released in 2023 for business use through the API and retired in November 2024.

Amazon Titan is a family of foundation models built by Amazon for Amazon Bedrock, covering text generation, embeddings and image generation. It was announced in 2023 and later succeeded by Amazon Nova.

MTIA v1 is Meta's first-generation in-house AI inference accelerator, built on TSMC's 7 nm process with 128 MB of on-chip memory and designed for deep learning recommendation models.

Stable Audio, launched by Stability AI on 13 September 2023, is a text-to-music and sound generator that Stability describes as its first audio product, later joined by open and enterprise versions.

Amazon Q is a generative AI assistant for work from AWS. It was announced in preview at re:Invent on 28 November 2023, respects each user's permissions and became generally available as Amazon Q Business on 30 April 2024.

Google's second-generation text-to-image model, released in December 2023, whose standout feature was rendering legible text and logos inside generated images.

SenseTime Raccoon (商汤小浣熊) is a family of AI tools for office work, data analysis and coding. It was first presented in February 2024 and upgraded with SenseNova V6.5 in July 2025.

SenseNova 4.0, announced on 8 February 2024, upgraded SenseTime's model family with 4K, 32K and 128K context versions, specialised models and a first multimodal tool-calling API.

Cohere's 35-billion-parameter language model announced in March 2024, built for retrieval-augmented generation and tool use in production, with a 128k-token context window and weights released for research.

Nemotron-4 340B is a family of open models from NVIDIA, released on 14 June 2024 as base, instruct and reward models. It was built to generate synthetic data for training other language models, and it fits on a single eight-GPU DGX H100.

SenseTime's July 2024 model family, unveiled at WAIC, adding a real-time multimodal model, lightweight and edge versions, and migration incentives aimed at OpenAI customers.

Jamba 1.5 is AI21 Labs' family of instruction-tuned language models, Mini and Large, which combine Transformer and Mamba layers, offer a 256,000-token effective context and ship with open weights.

Hunyuan Turbo is Tencent's large language model, released on Tencent Cloud in September 2024 and tuned for lower training and serving costs. It was succeeded in February 2025 by Hunyuan Turbo S, which cut API prices further.

Ministral 3B and Ministral 8B are two small Mistral AI language models released on 16 October 2024 for on-device and edge use, offering long context, low API prices and, for the 3B, performance Mistral claimed beat its earlier 7B model.

Anthropic's small, fast language model announced in October 2024 as the successor to Claude 3 Haiku, claimed to reach the intelligence of the previous flagship at Haiku-like speed and to be especially strong at coding.

Pixtral Large is Mistral AI's open-weight multimodal model announced on 18 November 2024, built on Mistral Large 2, combining a 123B-parameter decoder with a 1B vision encoder and a 128K-token context window. It was retired in May 2026.

Cohere North is an enterprise AI workspace that combines large language models, search and AI agents. It opened to early-access users in January 2025 and became generally available in August 2025.

AI21 Labs' March 2025 hybrid SSM-Transformer instruction-following models, released as Jamba Large 1.6 and Jamba Mini 1.6 with 256k-token context, gated open weights and benchmarks AI21 compared against Mistral Large 2, Llama 3.3 70B and Command R+.

Llama Nemotron is NVIDIA's family of open reasoning models in Nano, Super and Ultra sizes, launched in March 2025 and built on Meta's Llama 3 models.

xLAM-2 is Salesforce's family of large action models, from 1 billion to 70 billion parameters, trained on simulated agent–human data and tuned for multi-turn tool use rather than single-call function calling.

Amazon Nova Premier is the most capable model of the first Nova generation, available in Amazon Bedrock from 30 April 2025. It handles text, images and video with a 1-million-token context window, and also serves as a teacher model for smaller Nova models.

Mistral Medium 3 is a proprietary model released by Mistral AI on 7 May 2025, marketed as a mid-sized system that nears larger competitors at a much lower price and can be self-hosted on four GPUs.

Gemini 2.5 Flash-Lite is the lowest-cost model in Google's Gemini 2.5 family, built for high-throughput work such as classification and summarisation, with thinking off by default and a controllable thinking budget.

Jamba 1.7 is a July 2025 update to the Jamba family, with Large and Mini versions offering 256k-token context, nine languages, and improved grounding and steerability.

Skild Brain is Skild AI's general-purpose foundation model for robots, trained in a universe of 100,000 different machines and meant to be fitted to existing hardware rather than built for one task.

Command A Vision is Cohere's first vision-language model in the Command family, released in July 2025. It pairs a 112-billion-parameter Command A language model with a SigLIP2 image encoder to read images, charts and documents and answer in text.

Cohere's first reasoning model, announced in August 2025: a 111-billion-parameter hybrid model that can switch its thinking on or off, built for agentic tasks and tool use, with open non-commercial weights.

A 1.7-billion-parameter English model from Writer, fine-tuned from Qwen2.5-1.5B and released under Apache 2.0 with a 131,072-token context window, presented around grade-school mathematics.

A 1.7-billion-parameter reasoning model released by Writer in September 2025, fine-tuned from Nvidia's OpenReasoning-Nemotron-1.5B, with strong competition-mathematics scores and an Apache 2.0 licence.

Claude Haiku 4.5, released on 15 October 2025 and available to all users, offered coding performance close to Sonnet 4 at one-third of the cost and more than twice the speed.

Nano Banana Pro (Gemini 3 Pro Image) is Google's image generation and editing model built on Gemini 3 Pro, announced on 20 November 2025. It renders legible text, pulls live information from Search, and outputs up to 4K.

Doubao Large Model 1.8 (Doubao-Seed-1.8) is ByteDance's Volcano Engine flagship released on 18 December 2025. It is built for multimodal agent tasks, with stronger tool calling and computer-operation abilities.

A large language model released by iFlytek on 11 February 2026, trained entirely on domestic computing power and aimed at practical use in education, healthcare, automotive and agents.

Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite is a low-cost, low-latency multimodal model in Google's Gemini 3 family, released in preview in March 2026 and generally available from May 2026 for high-frequency, lightweight tasks.

WorkBuddy is Tencent's desktop AI agent for workplace tasks. Launched in March 2026, it was later offered to global users with remote task access and standard tool connections.

A speech-to-text model from Microsoft AI released in April 2026 that transcribes 25 languages, runs Copilot's Voice Mode, and starts at $0.36 per hour of audio.

MAI-Image-2 is Microsoft AI's second-generation text-to-image model, released to developers on 2 April 2026 in Microsoft Foundry and the MAI Playground, with faster generation and stronger lighting, skin tones and in-image text.

Claude Design is an Anthropic Labs product for making designs, prototypes, slides and one-pagers with Claude. It was announced on 17 April 2026 as a research preview and is powered by Claude Opus 4.7.

Stability AI's 2026 audio generation family: three open-weight models and a hosted flagship, able to generate and edit music and sound effects up to about six minutes long.

The fastest model in Google's Gemini 3.5 series, released in July 2026 for high-throughput agentic work, and slated to replace gemini-3.1-flash-lite and take over traffic from gemini-2.5-flash.

Granite 4.2 is IBM's open-weight model generation, released on 25 August 2026 in 3B, 8B and 30B dense sizes, with a reasoning-capable 8B model under the permissive Apache-2.0 licence.

SenseTime's multimodal agent model, announced in Hong Kong in November 2026, aimed at office work and design generation: long-term memory, task execution, and output ranging from PPTX decks to Blender 3D scenes.

Nat Friedman is a technology executive who led Xamarin as CEO, became CEO of GitHub after Microsoft acquired it, and later joined Meta to help lead Meta Superintelligence Labs.

Daniel Gross co-founded Safe Superintelligence Inc. with Ilya Sutskever and Daniel Levy and served as its chief executive until early July 2025, when he moved to Meta's newly launched Meta Superintelligence Labs.

Amp is a coding agent and development environment created by an independent agent research lab, marketed for frontier work and used by everyone from indie developers to very large engineering organizations.

Uber's prototype self-driving Volvo XC90 struck and killed a pedestrian in Tempe, Arizona, on 18 March 2018. The NTSB sharply criticised Uber and issued recommendations after finding that the vehicle's automatic braking was disabled.

Thomson Reuters describes itself as an AI and technology company supplying professionals with trusted content and workflow automation. It owns the Westlaw legal research database, and its copyright suit against Ross Intelligence became a closely watched test of fair use in AI training.

The NVIDIA L40S is a data-centre GPU on Nvidia's Ada Lovelace architecture, pairing 48 GB of ECC memory with AI and graphics throughput in a passive, dual-slot PCIe Gen4 card that omits NVLink and MIG.

The AMD Instinct MI100 is a GPU accelerator built on AMD's first-generation CDNA architecture. It pairs 32 GB of HBM2 memory with peak throughput ratings for double-, single-, and half-precision math.

Xu Li is a co-founder, chairman and chief executive officer of SenseTime, the Chinese artificial intelligence company he helped start in 2014. He studied computer science at Shanghai Jiao Tong University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong.

Intel Gaudi 2 is a data-centre AI accelerator with 96 GB of HBM2e memory, 432 TFLOPS of BF16 compute and 24 tensor processor cores, built to run the matrix arithmetic behind large neural networks.

AWS Inferentia is a custom chip designed by AWS for running trained machine-learning models, sold to customers through EC2 Inf1 instances. It aims to make inference cheaper and faster than general-purpose instances.

The NVIDIA A10 is a data-center GPU built on the Ampere architecture that combines graphics, video and AI inference in a single-slot PCIe card with 24 GB of memory, aimed at mainstream enterprise servers.

Aicha Evans is chief executive of Zoox, the autonomous ride-hailing company Amazon acquired, and stayed on to lead it as a standalone business after the deal.

Amnon Shashua is the founder of Mobileye, which grew out of his Hebrew University research into single-camera vehicle detection; he has led the company as chief executive since Intel acquired it in 2017.

Ziv Aviram is a co-founder of Mobileye, the company he helped build from its founding in 1999 through its 2014 New York Stock Exchange listing and its 2017 acquisition by Intel.

Cao Xudong, a former Microsoft researcher, founded Momenta, a physical AI company, in 2016 and leads it as chief executive; he took it public in Hong Kong in 2026 and now points it toward robots.

Yu Kai is chief executive and a co-founder of Horizon Robotics, the Chinese smart-driving supplier that listed in Hong Kong on 24 October 2024 under the code 9660.HK.

Zhang Peng is chief executive officer of Zhipu AI (Z.ai). He led the company through its Hong Kong listing on 8 January 2026, described as the first by a major Chinese LLM company, and through the GLM-4.5 to GLM-5.3 model releases.

Ori Goshen is an Israeli entrepreneur who co-founded AI21 Labs in November 2017 with Yoav Shoham and Amnon Shashua and serves as its chief executive.

Blue Owl Capital is an alternative asset manager with $330 billion in assets under management, built from three separate businesses: Oak Street in real estate, Dyal Capital in stakes in other asset managers, and Owl Rock in private credit.

Magnetar is an investment firm reporting more than $17 billion in assets under management as of mid-2026, working across alternative credit and fixed income, quantitative investing, and ventures.

An AI drug-discovery company with sites in London and Oxford that focused on computational molecule design; in November 2024 it became a wholly-owned subsidiary of Recursion, with a combined pipeline of more than 10 clinical and preclinical programmes.

Bolt describes itself as Europe's first multi-modal mobility app, offering ride-hailing, car sharing, scooters and food and grocery delivery, with more than 200 million passengers and 4.5 million earning partners.

Synthesia is an AI video platform for business: users type a script and an AI avatar presents it, with tools for generation, dubbing, translation, screen recording and motion graphics, plus a separate Sessions line for interactive roleplay and surveys.

HeyGen is an AI video platform that turns a short recording of a person into a speaking avatar for social content, courses and business videos. Its Avatar V model is pitched at consistency across long clips and many languages.

Chris Urmson is co-founder and chief executive officer of Aurora, the self-driving company he leads. Under him Aurora announced the acquisition of Uber's self-driving unit and put driverless commercial trucks on public roads.

Alibaba Cloud's AI coding assistant, now presented as Qoder CN after being upgraded from Lingma: an IDE, JetBrains plugin, CLI, agent workbench, cloud agents, SDK and digital-worker product, sold in enterprise plans with a choice of Chinese models.

Dify is an open-source platform for building LLM applications, combining an AI workflow editor, a RAG pipeline, agent capabilities and model management in one interface, with managed cloud, VPC and self-hosted deployment options.

Senior executive at Tencent: Senior Executive Vice President and head of the Cloud and Smart Industries Group since October 2018, previously president of the Social Network Group responsible for QQ, and chairman of Tencent Music Entertainment Group.

Yin Qi is a Chinese AI entrepreneur who co-founded the facial-recognition company Megvii with Tang Wenbin and Yang Mu after graduating from Tsinghua, and later became chairman of Qianli Technology, turning to smart automotive technology.

Xiaodong He is a JD.com vice president, deputy managing director of JD AI Research, and an IEEE Fellow. He works on conversational AI, including question answering, emotion detection, and public-service hotlines.

Kevin Scott is Microsoft's chief technology officer, appointed on 24 January 2017 after engineering leadership roles at LinkedIn, Google and AdMob. In March 2024 Microsoft said he continued as CTO and EVP of AI, responsible for all-up AI strategy.

SambaNova SN40L is an AI chip that SambaNova calls a Reconfigurable Dataflow Unit, pairing dataflow-style parallel execution with a three-tier memory system spanning on-chip SRAM, co-packaged HBM and DDR DRAM.

Brad Lightcap is an OpenAI executive who served as chief financial officer and then chief operating officer, later overseeing business strategy, partnerships, infrastructure and global deployment before leaving the company in 2026.

A Chinese artificial intelligence infrastructure company that builds the middle layer letting many models run on many kinds of chips, and also releases the open Megrez model family.

Coatue is an investment firm that puts money to work in both public and private technology markets, with a private portfolio of more than 250 tech companies and a growing profile in AI through backing for Anthropic and Anysphere.

A British multinational design and engineering firm founded in 1946 by Sir Ove Arup, known for complex landmark projects such as the Sydney Opera House and for ownership held in trust for its employees.

Wanzhi is a free bilingual AI productivity workspace released by 01.AI in May 2024 for the web and as a WeChat mini program; the name later extended to an enterprise large-model platform.

NVIDIA's Llama-3.1-Nemotron-70B-Instruct is a version of Meta's Llama-3.1-70B-Instruct tuned with reinforcement learning from human feedback to give more helpful answers; on release it topped three automatic alignment benchmarks.

Mistral OCR is a document-understanding API released by Mistral AI on 6 March 2025 that reads text, tables, equations and embedded media across thousands of scripts and languages, and was later superseded by newer OCR versions.

A data-center GPU on NVIDIA's Ampere architecture, aimed at AI inference and mainstream enterprise workloads, with 24 GB of HBM2 memory, a 165 W power ceiling and the ability to split into as many as four MIG instances.