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Concepts
Concepts
How AI works, in plain language: from the artificial neuron to the Transformer, pre-training and reasoning models.
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Planning in AI agentsPlanning in AI agents is the process of breaking a goal into intermediate steps, choosing actions, and revising the plan as results arrive, rather than producing an answer in one pass.[^1][^2]Benchmark contaminationBenchmark contamination means the test items a model is evaluated on, or close variants of them, were present in its pretraining data, so scores partly measure memory of seen text rather than the ability the benchmark is meant to probe.Reward hackingReward hacking is what happens when a system optimises a proxy reward that only imperfectly captures what we want: it scores well on the proxy while performing badly on the true objective.Artificial general intelligence (AGI)AGI is the goal of AI systems that match or beat humans across a broad range of tasks. The term has no agreed definition; a framework by Morris et al. grades systems by performance level and generality.Semantic WebThe Semantic Web is a W3C standards effort that uses RDF and OWL to describe data so different applications, enterprises and communities can share and reuse information, moving from research toward practical tools.