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Concepts
Concepts
How AI works, in plain language: from the artificial neuron to the Transformer, pre-training and reasoning models.
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Turing testThe Turing test is Alan Turing's 1950 proposal for replacing the question "Can machines think?" with a game: a machine passes if an interrogator cannot tell its written answers apart from a human's.AI winterAI winter is a period of sharply reduced funding and interest in artificial intelligence research. The field's hype cycles have produced two such downturns, usually dated to about 1974–1980 and 1987–2000.Synthetic dataSynthetic data is training material written by a model rather than collected from people or the web. In the phi-1 experiments a small code model trained partly on model-generated "textbooks" reached competitive benchmark scores, suggesting data quality itself shapes capability.Planning in AI agentsPlanning in AI agents is the process of breaking a goal into intermediate steps, choosing actions, and revising the plan as results arrive, rather than producing an answer in one pass.[^1][^2]