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Concepts
Concepts
How AI works, in plain language: from the artificial neuron to the Transformer, pre-training and reasoning models.
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Turing testThe Turing test is Alan Turing's 1950 proposal for replacing the question "Can machines think?" with a game: a machine passes if an interrogator cannot tell its written answers apart from a human's.AI winterAI winter is a period of sharply reduced funding and interest in artificial intelligence research. The field's hype cycles have produced two such downturns, usually dated to about 1974–1980 and 1987–2000.LoRA (low-rank adaptation)LoRA (low-rank adaptation) is a fine-tuning technique that freezes a pre-trained model's weights and trains small low-rank matrices instead, cutting the number of trainable parameters and the memory needed while keeping quality close to full fine-tuning.Llama Community LicenseThe Meta Llama 3 Community License is the custom agreement Meta attaches to its Llama 3 models: free to use and modify, but with use restrictions, attribution duties and a user-scale threshold that keep it from being open source in the usual sense.Open Source AI Definition (OSAID)The Open Source AI Definition is a 1.0 standard, released by the Open Source Initiative in October 2024, that a model must meet to be called open source: reproducible design, disclosed training data, and freedom to use, modify and build on it.Planning in AI agentsPlanning in AI agents is the process of breaking a goal into intermediate steps, choosing actions, and revising the plan as results arrive, rather than producing an answer in one pass.[^1][^2]Semantic WebThe Semantic Web is a W3C standards effort that uses RDF and OWL to describe data so different applications, enterprises and communities can share and reuse information, moving from research toward practical tools.