Models

Nemotron 3.5 Transcribe is Nvidia's free, open-weight speech transcription model, released on 28 October 2026. It handles recordings up to an hour long, transcribes up to 40 languages and can separate up to eight speakers.

Open sourceMultimodalHardware & compute

A large language model released by iFlytek on 11 February 2026, trained entirely on domestic computing power and aimed at practical use in education, healthcare, automotive and agents.

Large language modelsChinaEnterprise

NVIDIA Nemotron 3 is an open family of hybrid mixture-of-experts language models, announced in December 2025 in Nano, Super and Ultra sizes, with up to one million tokens of context.

Large language modelsOpen sourceAgents & tool use

Three small dense models from Mistral AI — 3B, 8B and 14B — released in December 2025 under Apache 2.0, each in base, instruct and reasoning variants with image understanding.

Large language modelsOpen sourceMultimodal

Olmo 3 is the third generation of the Allen Institute for AI's fully open language models, announced on 20 November 2025 in 7B and 32B dense Transformer sizes, with a 65,536-token context and all datasets openly available.

Large language modelsOpen sourceReasoning

SAM 3 is Meta's segmentation model from November 2025. It finds, segments and tracks every instance of a concept named by a short text prompt or an example image, and Meta reported it doubles the accuracy of existing systems on this task.

Open sourceFoundation modelsData & datasets

iFlytek's Spark X1.5 is a deep reasoning model released in November 2025 that runs on a domestic computing platform built with Huawei, using a 293-billion-parameter mixture-of-experts design.

Large language modelsChinaReasoning

DeepSeek-OCR is an open-source model of about 3B parameters that renders long text as 2D images and reads it back from a small number of vision tokens, testing whether optical compression can stand in for very long text contexts.

Open sourceChinaMultimodal

An experimental DeepSeek model released on 29 September 2025 that introduced DeepSeek Sparse Attention to make long-context training and inference cheaper, shipped with open weights and an immediate API price cut.

Large language modelsOpen sourceChina

GLM-4.6 is an open-weights large language model released by Zhipu in late September 2025, with a 200K-token context window, about 357 billion parameters and an MIT licence, aimed at coding, reasoning and agent work.

Large language modelsOpen sourceChina

Nemotron Nano 2 is NVIDIA's 9B reasoning model, built on a hybrid Mamba-Transformer design and released with open weights and most of its training data; NVIDIA reports much higher throughput than similar-sized models.

Large language modelsOpen sourceReasoning

Step 3 is StepFun's open multimodal reasoning model, with 321 billion total parameters and 38 billion active per token. It was released in July 2025 and uses Apache 2.0.

Open sourceChinaMultimodal

SmolLM3 is a 3-billion-parameter open model released by Hugging Face on 8 July 2025. It supports six languages and up to 128K tokens of context, with switchable reasoning, under Apache 2.0.

Large language modelsOpen sourceReasoning

The largest model in Ai2's OLMo 2 family: a 32-billion-parameter language model released with its data, code, weights and training details, and reported to outperform GPT-3.5-Turbo and GPT-4o mini on academic benchmarks.

Large language modelsOpen sourceData & datasets

Mistral OCR is a document-understanding API released by Mistral AI on 6 March 2025 that reads text, tables, equations and embedded media across thousands of scripts and languages, and was later superseded by newer OCR versions.

EnterpriseData & datasetsComputer vision

iFlytek Spark X1 is a Chinese deep-reasoning model released in January 2025 and trained entirely on domestic computing hardware, with later upgrades benchmarked against OpenAI's reasoning models.

Large language modelsChinaReasoning

Phi-4 is Microsoft's 14-billion-parameter dense decoder-only language model, built with a data-quality-first recipe heavy on synthetic data and released with full weights under the MIT licence in January 2025.

Large language modelsOpen sourceReasoning

OLMo 2 is the second generation of the Allen Institute for AI's fully open language model family, released in 7B and 13B sizes with weights, data, code and training recipes all public.

Large language modelsOpen sourceData & datasets

SmolLM2 is Hugging Face's second family of small language models, released in November 2024 at 135M, 360M and 1.7B parameters, with open weights and a data-centric training recipe.

Large language modelsOpen sourceConsumer apps

Ministral 3B and Ministral 8B are two small Mistral AI language models released on 16 October 2024 for on-device and edge use, offering long context, low API prices and, for the 3B, performance Mistral claimed beat its earlier 7B model.

Large language modelsEnterpriseHardware & compute

Molmo is a family of open vision-language models released by Ai2 on 25 September 2024 that can point at objects in images, with weights, code, data and evaluations published openly.

Open sourceMultimodalData & datasets

SAM 2 is Meta's 2024 successor to the Segment Anything Model. It segments objects in both images and videos in real time, and its release included the SA-V video dataset.

Open sourceFoundation modelsData & datasets

Mistral NeMo is a 12-billion-parameter language model released by Mistral AI with NVIDIA in July 2024, notable for a 128K-token context window, a new multilingual tokenizer called Tekken, and an Apache 2.0 release.

Large language modelsOpen sourceHardware & compute

SmolLM is a family of small language models with 135M, 360M and 1.7B parameters, released openly by Hugging Face in July 2024 for on-device use and trained on a purpose-built corpus of generated textbooks, code and filtered web text.

Large language modelsOpen sourceConsumer apps

iFlytek's large language model released on 27 June 2024 and trained entirely on a domestic platform co-built with Huawei; iFlytek presented it as reaching GPT-4 level while acknowledging weaker coding and multimodal abilities.

Large language modelsChinaFoundation models

Nemotron-4 340B is a family of open models from NVIDIA, released on 14 June 2024 as base, instruct and reward models. It was built to generate synthetic data for training other language models, and it fits on a single eight-GPU DGX H100.

Large language modelsOpen sourceEnterprise

OpenELM is a family of small open language models from Apple, published in four sizes from 270M to 3B parameters with its training framework, logs, checkpoints and MLX conversion code.

Large language modelsResearch historyOpen source

StarCoder2 is a family of open code models in 3B, 7B and 15B sizes, released in February 2024 by BigCode (Hugging Face and ServiceNow) with NVIDIA and trained on The Stack v2, published together with its dataset and training code.

Large language modelsOpen sourceData & datasets

Aya 101 is a 13-billion-parameter, instruction-tuned language model from Cohere For AI that follows instructions in 101 languages. It was released under Apache 2.0 in February 2024.

Large language modelsOpen sourceFoundation models

Spark V3.5 is a large language model that iFlytek released on 30 January 2024. It was the first Spark model trained entirely on the domestic FlyingStar One computing platform, and iFlytek compared it with GPT-4 Turbo.

Large language modelsChinaFoundation models

Phi-2 is a 2.7-billion-parameter base language model from Microsoft Research, announced on 12 December 2023. Microsoft reported that it matched or beat models up to 25 times larger on complex benchmarks, making it a reference point for small-model training.

Large language modelsOpen sourceReasoning

GNoME is a Google DeepMind deep-learning tool, announced on 29 November 2023, that predicts new inorganic crystals; it produced 2.2 million candidate structures, of which 380,000 were predicted to be stable.

Deep learningData & datasetsScience

Phi-1.5 is a 1.3-billion-parameter language model from Microsoft Research, trained on curated synthetic "textbook" text rather than web crawls; its report claims natural-language performance comparable to models five times larger.

Large language modelsOpen sourceReasoning

Phi-1 is a 1.3-billion-parameter Transformer language model for Python from Microsoft Research, which showed that filtered and synthetic "textbook quality" training data can partly substitute for model and data scale.

Large language modelsOpen sourceData & datasets

StarCoder is an open-access code language model of about 15.5 billion parameters, released on 4 May 2023 by the BigCode project led by Hugging Face and ServiceNow.

Large language modelsOpen sourceData & datasets

Megatron-Turing NLG 530B is a 530-billion-parameter language model announced by NVIDIA and Microsoft on 11 October 2021, then the largest monolithic transformer language model, trained on NVIDIA's Selene supercomputer with Megatron-LM and DeepSpeed combined.

Large language modelsFoundation modelsHardware & compute

T5 is a family of Google Transformer models that recasts every language task as text in, text out. Its 11-billion-parameter version set state of the art on several benchmarks, and the code, models and C4 dataset were released openly.

Large language modelsOpen sourceFoundation models

IBM Watson is a question-answering computer system built by an IBM research team led by David Ferrucci; in February 2011 it defeated the two foremost all-time champions of the televised quiz show Jeopardy!

Research historyEnterpriseReasoning

IBM's chess computer that in May 1997 became the first computer system to defeat a reigning world chess champion in a match under standard tournament time controls.

Research historyProduct historyHardware & compute