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Model

Gemini 1.0 (Ultra, Pro, Nano)

Gemini 1.0 is the first generation of Google DeepMind's multimodal model family, announced on 6 December 2023 in Ultra, Pro and Nano sizes; Google reported its Ultra version as the first model to beat human experts on MMLU.

Status DeprecatedModality Text, Image, Audio, Video Era Generative AI for everyone

License
Proprietary
Access
API, App, Enterprise
Release date
Developer
Google DeepMind

A family built for more than text

Gemini 1.0 was the first generation of Google DeepMind's Gemini family of multimodal models. It was announced on 6 December 2023 by Sundar Pichai and Demis Hassabis, and Google described it as "built from the ground up to be multimodal", working across text, code, audio, images and video.[1]

Multimodal here means one model handles several kinds of input and output, rather than bolting a speech or image component onto a text-only system. In practice the same underlying model is meant to answer questions about a picture, follow a written description to produce code, or work with audio and video.

Three sizes

Gemini 1.0 came in three sizes: Ultra, for highly complex tasks; Pro, for a wide range of tasks; and Nano, for on-device use.[1] On-device means the model runs on local hardware rather than in a data centre. The Pixel 8 Pro was the first smartphone engineered to run Gemini Nano.[1]

What Google reported on benchmarks

Google reported that Gemini Ultra scored 90.0% on MMLU, the first model to outperform human experts on that benchmark. MMLU is a widely used test of knowledge and reasoning across academic subjects, scored by the share of questions answered correctly. Google also said Ultra exceeded the previous state of the art on 30 of 32 widely used academic benchmarks.[1] On MMMU, a new benchmark built around multimodal tasks, Ultra scored a state-of-the-art 59.4%.[1]

Training and the technical report

Gemini 1.0 was trained at scale on Google's TPU v4 and v5e chips — tensor processing units, the accelerators Google designs for machine learning. The technical report, credited to the Gemini Team at Google, was posted to arXiv on 19 December 2023.[1][2] That arXiv version was last revised on 9 May 2025, as version 5.[2]

How people could use it

The models reached the public in stages. On 6 December 2023 Bard switched to a fine-tuned Gemini Pro, and from 13 December 2023 developers could use Gemini Pro through the Gemini API in Google AI Studio and Vertex AI.[1] A specialised version of Gemini powered AlphaCode 2, a system for competitive programming; Google estimated that it performed better than 85% of competitive-programming participants.[1]

On 8 February 2024 Bard itself was renamed Gemini, and Gemini Advanced gave consumers access to Ultra 1.0 for $19.99 a month.[3]

Where it sits in the series

Gemini 1.0 was followed in February 2024 by Gemini 1.5 Pro, which Google said performed at a broadly similar level to 1.0 Ultra.[5] The Gemini 1.0 models have since been discontinued.[4]

CapabilitiesLarge language modelsMultimodal

TechniquesFoundation models

ApplicationsConsumer apps

Ecosystem & regionHardware & compute

Version history

21
  1. 2022
    • Apr 4, 2022 PaLM

      PaLM is a 540-billion-parameter dense Transformer language model announced by Google Research in April 2022, trained with the Pathways system across 6,144 TPU v4 chips; it set strong few-shot results on many benchmarks.

  2. 2023
    • May 10, 2023 PaLM 2

      PaLM 2 is Google's second-generation Pathways language model, announced on 10 May 2023 in four sizes and used across more than 25 Google products, including Bard.

    • Dec 6, 2023 Gemini 1.0 (Ultra, Pro, Nano) · This page

      Gemini 1.0 is the first generation of Google DeepMind's multimodal model family, announced on 6 December 2023 in Ultra, Pro and Nano sizes; Google reported its Ultra version as the first model to beat human experts on MMLU.

  3. 2024
    • Feb 15, 2024 Gemini 1.5 Pro

      A mid-size multimodal model in Google's Gemini 1.5 generation, announced in February 2024, known for a context window that reached one million tokens and later two million.

    • May 14, 2024 Gemini 1.5 Flash

      Gemini 1.5 Flash is a lightweight, fast model in Google's Gemini 1.5 family, announced on 14 May 2024 and trained by distillation from 1.5 Pro, with a 1-million-token context window.

    • Dec 11, 2024 Gemini 2.0 Flash

      Gemini 2.0 Flash is the first model of Google's Gemini 2.0 generation, released as an experimental model in December 2024 with multimodal output and native tool calling, and made generally available in February 2025.

  4. 2025
    • Feb 5, 2025 Gemini 2.0 Pro

      An experimental Google model released in February 2025 as part of the Gemini 2.0 family, described by Google as its best yet for coding and complex prompts, with a 2-million-token context window and tool use.

    • Mar 25, 2025 Gemini 2.5 Pro

      Gemini 2.5 Pro is Google's first model in the Gemini 2.5 family, released in March 2025 as a "thinking model" with a 1-million-token context window, debuting at number one on LMArena.

    • Apr 17, 2025 Gemini 2.5 Flash

      A model in Google's Gemini 2.5 family, released in preview in April 2025 and generally available that June. Google called it its first fully hybrid reasoning model, letting developers turn thinking on or off with a token budget.

    • Jun 17, 2025 Gemini 2.5 Flash-Lite

      Gemini 2.5 Flash-Lite is the lowest-cost model in Google's Gemini 2.5 family, built for high-throughput work such as classification and summarisation, with thinking off by default and a controllable thinking budget.

    • Nov 18, 2025 Gemini 3 Pro

      Gemini 3 Pro is the first model of Google's Gemini 3 generation, released in preview in November 2025 with a 1-million-token context window and top-ranked results on arena leaderboards and reasoning, coding and multimodal benchmarks.

    • Dec 17, 2025 Gemini 3 Flash

      Gemini 3 Flash is a fast, lower-cost model in Google's Gemini 3 family, released on 17 December 2025. It scored close to Gemini 3 Pro on several benchmarks while using fewer tokens and costing far less per token.

  5. 2026
    • Feb 19, 2026 Gemini 3.1 Pro

      Gemini 3.1 Pro is Google's preview upgrade to Gemini 3 Pro, released on 19 February 2026, scoring a verified 77.1% on ARC-AGI-2 and shipped through the Gemini API, the Gemini app and NotebookLM.

    • Mar 3, 2026 Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite

      Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite is a low-cost, low-latency multimodal model in Google's Gemini 3 family, released in preview in March 2026 and generally available from May 2026 for high-frequency, lightweight tasks.

    • May 19, 2026 Gemini 3.5 Flash

      Gemini 3.5 Flash is Google's first Gemini 3.5 model, announced on 19 May 2026 and built for agentic and coding work; it became the default model in the Gemini app and in AI Mode in Search.

    • Jul 21, 2026 Gemini 3.5 Flash-Lite

      The fastest model in Google's Gemini 3.5 series, released in July 2026 for high-throughput agentic work, and slated to replace gemini-3.1-flash-lite and take over traffic from gemini-2.5-flash.

    • Jul 21, 2026 Gemini 3.6 Flash

      Gemini 3.6 Flash is the Gemini model Google released on 21 July 2026 and called its workhorse: better coding, knowledge work and multimodal results than 3.5 Flash, fewer output tokens, built-in computer use and tiered pricing.

    • Aug 13, 2026 Gemini 3.7 Flash

      A Google model released on 13 August 2026 as its most intelligent workhorse for coding and agents, priced with a scheduled increase and superseded three weeks later by 3.8 Flash.

    • Sep 2, 2026 Gemini 3.8 Flash

      Gemini 3.8 Flash is Google's fast, low-cost model released on 2 September 2026, alongside a cybersecurity variant, Gemini 3.8 Flash Cyber, with introductory pricing that doubles at the start of 2027.

    • Oct 13, 2026 Gemini 4 Argon

      Gemini 4 Argon is the first model in Google's Gemini 4 family, announced on 30 September 2026 and made generally available on 13 October 2026, built for long multi-step work and shipped with a one-million-token output limit.

    • Oct 28, 2026 Gemini 4 Carbon

      Gemini 4 Carbon is a Google DeepMind frontier model announced on 28 October 2026, two weeks after Gemini 4 Argon, with Google claiming state-of-the-art cybersecurity and long-horizon capabilities.

20261

  1. PartnershipApple and Google announce Gemini-based collaboration for Apple's foundation models

    On 12 January 2026 Apple and Google announced a multi-year collaboration in which Google's Gemini models and cloud technology would underpin Apple's next generation of foundation models, while Apple said its privacy standards would stay unchanged.

20241

  1. UpdateBard is renamed Gemini and Gemini Advanced launches

    On 8 February 2024 Google renamed its assistant Bard to Gemini, matching the name of its model family, and launched Gemini Advanced on the Ultra 1.0 model through a paid Google One plan in more than 150 countries.

20231

  1. ReleaseGoogle DeepMind introduces Gemini

    On 6 December 2023 Google announced Gemini 1.0, a model family built to learn text, images, audio and video together from the start. Google called its largest version its most capable model yet.

Developed by1

Google DeepMind

Foundation for2

GemmaApple Foundation Models 3 (AFM 3)

Succeeded by2

Gemini 1.5 ProGemini 1.5 Flash

Successor of1

PaLM 2

Powers1

Gemini app

Contributors3

Jeff DeanKoray KavukcuogluOriol Vinyals

Uses3

Chain of thought and reasoning modelsTransformerMixture of experts (MoE)

Trained on1

Google TPU v4

Notes and sources

  1. Introducing Gemini: our largest and most capable AI modelhttps://blog.google/technology/ai/google-gemini-ai/
  2. Gemini: A Family of Highly Capable Multimodal Modelshttps://arxiv.org/abs/2312.11805
  3. Bard becomes Gemini: Try Ultra 1.0 and a new mobile app todayhttps://blog.google/products/gemini/bard-gemini-advanced-app/
  4. Gemini (language model)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemini_(language_model)
  5. Our next-generation model: Gemini 1.5https://blog.google/technology/ai/google-gemini-next-generation-model-february-2024/

Cite this page: Gemini 1.0 (Ultra, Pro, Nano). TellWorld, https://www.tellworld.net/models/gemini. Updated 2026-11-08