Models

NVIDIA Nemotron 3 is an open family of hybrid mixture-of-experts language models, announced in December 2025 in Nano, Super and Ultra sizes, with up to one million tokens of context.

Large language modelsOpen sourceAgents & tool use

Olmo 3 is the third generation of the Allen Institute for AI's fully open language models, announced on 20 November 2025 in 7B and 32B dense Transformer sizes, with a 65,536-token context and all datasets openly available.

Large language modelsOpen sourceReasoning

SAM 3 is Meta's segmentation model from November 2025. It finds, segments and tracks every instance of a concept named by a short text prompt or an example image, and Meta reported it doubles the accuracy of existing systems on this task.

Open sourceFoundation modelsData & datasets

DeepSeek-OCR is an open-source model of about 3B parameters that renders long text as 2D images and reads it back from a small number of vision tokens, testing whether optical compression can stand in for very long text contexts.

Open sourceChinaMultimodal

Nemotron Nano 2 is NVIDIA's 9B reasoning model, built on a hybrid Mamba-Transformer design and released with open weights and most of its training data; NVIDIA reports much higher throughput than similar-sized models.

Large language modelsOpen sourceReasoning

SmolLM3 is a 3-billion-parameter open model released by Hugging Face on 8 July 2025. It supports six languages and up to 128K tokens of context, with switchable reasoning, under Apache 2.0.

Large language modelsOpen sourceReasoning

The largest model in Ai2's OLMo 2 family: a 32-billion-parameter language model released with its data, code, weights and training details, and reported to outperform GPT-3.5-Turbo and GPT-4o mini on academic benchmarks.

Large language modelsOpen sourceData & datasets

Mistral OCR is a document-understanding API released by Mistral AI on 6 March 2025 that reads text, tables, equations and embedded media across thousands of scripts and languages, and was later superseded by newer OCR versions.

EnterpriseData & datasetsComputer vision

Phi-4 is Microsoft's 14-billion-parameter dense decoder-only language model, built with a data-quality-first recipe heavy on synthetic data and released with full weights under the MIT licence in January 2025.

Large language modelsOpen sourceReasoning

OLMo 2 is the second generation of the Allen Institute for AI's fully open language model family, released in 7B and 13B sizes with weights, data, code and training recipes all public.

Large language modelsOpen sourceData & datasets

SmolLM2 is Hugging Face's second family of small language models, released in November 2024 at 135M, 360M and 1.7B parameters, with open weights and a data-centric training recipe.

Large language modelsOpen sourceConsumer apps

Molmo is a family of open vision-language models released by Ai2 on 25 September 2024 that can point at objects in images, with weights, code, data and evaluations published openly.

Open sourceMultimodalData & datasets

SAM 2 is Meta's 2024 successor to the Segment Anything Model. It segments objects in both images and videos in real time, and its release included the SA-V video dataset.

Open sourceFoundation modelsData & datasets

SmolLM is a family of small language models with 135M, 360M and 1.7B parameters, released openly by Hugging Face in July 2024 for on-device use and trained on a purpose-built corpus of generated textbooks, code and filtered web text.

Large language modelsOpen sourceConsumer apps

Nemotron-4 340B is a family of open models from NVIDIA, released on 14 June 2024 as base, instruct and reward models. It was built to generate synthetic data for training other language models, and it fits on a single eight-GPU DGX H100.

Large language modelsOpen sourceEnterprise

OpenELM is a family of small open language models from Apple, published in four sizes from 270M to 3B parameters with its training framework, logs, checkpoints and MLX conversion code.

Large language modelsResearch historyOpen source

StarCoder2 is a family of open code models in 3B, 7B and 15B sizes, released in February 2024 by BigCode (Hugging Face and ServiceNow) with NVIDIA and trained on The Stack v2, published together with its dataset and training code.

Large language modelsOpen sourceData & datasets

Aya 101 is a 13-billion-parameter, instruction-tuned language model from Cohere For AI that follows instructions in 101 languages. It was released under Apache 2.0 in February 2024.

Large language modelsOpen sourceFoundation models

Phi-2 is a 2.7-billion-parameter base language model from Microsoft Research, announced on 12 December 2023. Microsoft reported that it matched or beat models up to 25 times larger on complex benchmarks, making it a reference point for small-model training.

Large language modelsOpen sourceReasoning

GNoME is a Google DeepMind deep-learning tool, announced on 29 November 2023, that predicts new inorganic crystals; it produced 2.2 million candidate structures, of which 380,000 were predicted to be stable.

Deep learningData & datasetsScience

Claude 2.1, released on 21 November 2023, doubled the context window to 200,000 tokens and cut false statements by half compared with Claude 2.0. It added tool use and system prompts.

Large language modelsEnterpriseAgents & tool use

Phi-1.5 is a 1.3-billion-parameter language model from Microsoft Research, trained on curated synthetic "textbook" text rather than web crawls; its report claims natural-language performance comparable to models five times larger.

Large language modelsOpen sourceReasoning

Claude 2 is the second major version of Anthropic's assistant model, released on 11 July 2023 with better performance and longer responses. It was the first Claude model open to the general public.

Large language modelsEnterpriseConsumer apps

Phi-1 is a 1.3-billion-parameter Transformer language model for Python from Microsoft Research, which showed that filtered and synthetic "textbook quality" training data can partly substitute for model and data scale.

Large language modelsOpen sourceData & datasets

StarCoder is an open-access code language model of about 15.5 billion parameters, released on 4 May 2023 by the BigCode project led by Hugging Face and ServiceNow.

Large language modelsOpen sourceData & datasets

A lighter, cheaper and faster version of Anthropic's Claude model, released in 2023 for business use through the API and retired in November 2024.

Large language modelsEnterpriseProduct history

Claude is the AI assistant Anthropic announced on 14 March 2023, its first publicly available assistant. It was built around training AI to be helpful, honest and harmless, and it started the Claude model line.

Large language modelsEnterpriseConsumer apps

GPT-3.5 Turbo was the chat-optimised GPT-3.5 model OpenAI released through its API on 1 March 2023, priced at a tenth of the cost of earlier models and later replaced in ChatGPT by GPT-4o mini.

Large language modelsConsumer appsProduct history

GPT-3.5 is the family of OpenAI language models between GPT-3 and GPT-4, released through API models such as text-davinci-002 and text-davinci-003 and underlying the first version of ChatGPT.

Large language modelsFoundation modelsProduct history

T5 is a family of Google Transformer models that recasts every language task as text in, text out. Its 11-billion-parameter version set state of the art on several benchmarks, and the code, models and C4 dataset were released openly.

Large language modelsOpen sourceFoundation models

IBM Watson is a question-answering computer system built by an IBM research team led by David Ferrucci; in February 2011 it defeated the two foremost all-time champions of the televised quiz show Jeopardy!

Research historyEnterpriseReasoning

IBM's chess computer that in May 1997 became the first computer system to defeat a reigning world chess champion in a match under standard tournament time controls.

Research historyProduct historyHardware & compute