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In the early 1970s DARPA sharply cut back support for undirected academic AI research and redirected money toward mission-oriented military projects. Together with the Lighthill report, the cuts are counted among the episodes that led into the first AI winter.
In 1973 the UK Science Research Council published Sir James Lighthill's survey of AI, which sharply criticised basic research in robotics and language processing and caused a long loss of confidence in the field.
The 1966 report of the Automatic Language Processing Advisory Committee, a seven-scientist panel led by John R. Pierce, judged machine translation slower, costlier and less accurate than human translation, and was followed by a sharp cut in US funding.
