Companies

The National Development and Reform Commission is a ministerial-level department of China's State Council that drafts and implements economic and social development plans, manages investment and coordinates macro-economic policy. It descends from the State Planning Commission established in 1952.

ChinaInteroperabilityIndustrial automation

NIST is a U.S. federal physical science laboratory founded in 1901 and now part of the Department of Commerce, which works on measurement science, standards and technology — and has recently become the home of the government's AI safety and evaluation work.

Safety & governanceData & datasetsInteroperability

NVIDIA is the company that created the GPU in 1999 and, through the CUDA architecture and the chips behind AlexNet, became a central supplier of computing power for modern AI.

Deep learningHardware & computeDeveloper tools

NVIDIA Research is the research arm of the chipmaker NVIDIA, founded in 2006 with more than 200 scientists. It leads work on AI, self-driving cars, high-performance computing and graphics, and it builds the company's open Nemotron language models.

Open sourceFoundation modelsRobotics

Oracle is an American software company founded in 1977 that sells database software, enterprise applications, and cloud infrastructure and hardware. A 2025 disclosure of cloud commitments with OpenAI reshaped its standing among the world's largest companies.

EnterpriseData & datasetsCloud

Physical Intelligence is a company that develops foundation models and learning algorithms for robots, aiming to bring general-purpose AI into the physical world. It publishes generalist robot policies such as π0 and π0.5, along with open weights and code.

EnterpriseFoundation modelsMultimodal

Pony.ai is an autonomous driving company founded in Fremont, California, in late 2016. It runs robotaxi, robotruck and personal-vehicle businesses on a common "virtual driver" system, and operates in both California and China.

ChinaEnterpriseRobotics

Poolside is an AI company building models for software work; in April 2026 it released the Laguna M.1 and Laguna XS.2 models and pool, the agent runtime behind its reinforcement learning.

Large language modelsEnterpriseDeveloper tools

Princeton University, chartered in 1746 as the College of New Jersey, is where Turing, McCarthy and Minsky took their doctorates and where Fei-Fei Li began ImageNet; seventeen Turing Award laureates have been affiliated with it.

Research historyData & datasetsComputer vision

Reka AI is an AI research lab building models and infrastructure for the physical AI era. Its releases include reka-flash-3, a 21-billion-parameter reasoning model, and Reka Edge, a 7-billion-parameter vision-language model designed to run on devices at the edge.

Large language modelsMultimodalRobotics

Rethink Robotics was a Massachusetts robotics company whose humanoid robot Baxter, unveiled in 2012, was designed to work safely alongside people on factory production lines.

EnterpriseRoboticsIndustrial automation

The RoboCup Federation runs an international robot-soccer initiative and competition whose stated aim is to develop robotic players able to beat a human World Cup champion team.

Research historyRoboticsScience

Salesforce is a San Francisco enterprise software company founded in 1999 that sells customer relationship management software by subscription, and has grown into one of the largest business software firms in the world.

EnterpriseAgents & tool useData & datasets

Sanctuary AI is a Vancouver-based robotics company founded in 2018 that aims to build human-like intelligence for general-purpose robots. Its humanoid robot Phoenix was named to TIME's Best Inventions of 2023 list, and the company reported its first commercial deployment that year.

EnterpriseRoboticsHumanoid robots

A data company founded in 2016 that produces labeled and evaluated training data for AI models, counting OpenAI, Meta and Microsoft among its customers; in 2025 Meta took a 49% non-voting stake for more than $14 billion.

EnterpriseFoundation modelsData & datasets

Skild AI is a robotics company founded in 2023 that builds a general-purpose robotic foundation model, intended to act as a single brain across many robot bodies and tasks such as manipulation, locomotion and navigation.

EnterpriseDeep learningFoundation models

Snowflake is a cloud data platform company that also builds its own open language models; its Arctic model pairs a dense transformer with a sparse mixture of experts and shipped under Apache 2.0.

Large language modelsEnterpriseData & datasets

SRI International is a non-profit research institute in Menlo Park, California, founded in 1946 as the Stanford Research Institute. Its AI Center built Shakey the robot, and its later work led to Siri.

Research historyRoboticsComputer vision

The Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, started by John McCarthy in 1963, is associated with the Stanford arm robot design, the Stanley self-driving car and the SAIL programming language.

Research historyRoboticsComputer vision

Stanford's Institute for Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence, launched in 2019 and co-directed by Fei-Fei Li and John Etchemendy, studies AI's opportunities and risks and houses the Center for Research on Foundation Models.

Research historyFoundation modelsSafety & governance