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Models
Foundation, generative, multimodal and specialised models.
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2025
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Sep 19, 2025
Grok 4 Fast
xAI's low-cost reasoning model released on 19 September 2025, with a 2-million-token context window and far lower prices than Grok 4 at comparable benchmark scores.
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Sep 15, 2025
GPT-5-Codex
An OpenAI model released in September 2025 that adapted GPT-5 for agentic coding, served as the default model in Codex, and was shut down in July 2026.
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Sep 10, 2025
Palmyra-mini-thinking-b
A 1.7-billion-parameter reasoning model released by Writer in September 2025, fine-tuned from Nvidia's OpenReasoning-Nemotron-1.5B, with strong competition-mathematics scores and an Apache 2.0 licence.
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Sep 9, 2025
ERNIE X1.1
ERNIE X1.1 is Baidu's reasoning model unveiled in September 2025, an update to ERNIE X1 that the company reports as stronger in factuality, instruction following and agentic tasks, built on ERNIE 4.5 and released alongside PaddlePaddle v3.2.
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Sep 9, 2025
ERNIE-4.5-21B-A3B-Thinking
A deep-thinking mixture-of-experts model from Baidu with 21 billion total and 3 billion active parameters, a 128K context window and an Apache 2.0 license, open-sourced in September 2025 alongside ERNIE X1.1.
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Sep 5, 2025
Palmyra-mini
A 1.7-billion-parameter English model from Writer, fine-tuned from Qwen2.5-1.5B and released under Apache 2.0 with a 131,072-token context window, presented around grade-school mathematics.
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Sep 1, 2025
LongCat-Flash
LongCat-Flash is a 560-billion-parameter Mixture-of-Experts language model from Meituan's LongCat team, which activates roughly 27 billion parameters per token and was released with open weights under the MIT license.
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Sep 2025
GLM-4.6
GLM-4.6 is an open-weights large language model released by Zhipu in late September 2025, with a 200K-token context window, about 357 billion parameters and an MIT licence, aimed at coding, reasoning and agent work.
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Sep 2025
Qwen3-Next
Qwen3-Next is an open-weight model from Alibaba's Qwen team, released in September 2025 under Apache 2.0. It has 80B total parameters, only 3B active per token, and a hybrid attention design later used in Qwen3.5.
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Sep 2025
Qwen3-Max
Qwen3-Max is Alibaba's proprietary trillion-parameter language model, released in September 2025 and served through Alibaba's API. It is the Max-tier flagship that followed Qwen2.5-Max.
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Aug 28, 2025
Grok Code Fast 1
A fast reasoning model from xAI for agentic coding, released in August 2025 with low per-token pricing, a 70.8% score on SWE-bench Verified, and integrations with GitHub Copilot, Cursor, Cline and other coding tools.
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Aug 28, 2025
MAI-1-preview
Microsoft AI's first foundation model trained entirely in-house, announced on 28 August 2025. A mixture-of-experts text model, it opened for public testing on LMArena and was presented as one of several specialised models Microsoft intends to coordinate.
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Aug 21, 2025
DeepSeek-V3.1
DeepSeek-V3.1, released on 21 August 2025 under the MIT License, was DeepSeek's first hybrid model, supporting both a thinking mode and a non-thinking mode in one set of weights. It has 671 billion total parameters, with 37 billion activated per token.
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Aug 21, 2025
Command A Reasoning
Cohere's first reasoning model, announced in August 2025: a 111-billion-parameter hybrid model that can switch its thinking on or off, built for agentic tasks and tool use, with open non-commercial weights.
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Aug 20, 2025
Seed-OSS-36B
ByteDance Seed's open-weight 36-billion-parameter model family from August 2025, trained on 12 trillion tokens with a 512K-token context window and a user-settable thinking budget.
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Aug 20, 2025
NVIDIA Nemotron Nano 2
Nemotron Nano 2 is NVIDIA's 9B reasoning model, built on a hybrid Mamba-Transformer design and released with open weights and most of its training data; NVIDIA reports much higher throughput than similar-sized models.
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Aug 7, 2025
GPT-5
GPT-5 is OpenAI's fifth GPT foundation model, released on 7 August 2025. It pairs a fast model with a deeper reasoning model and a router that chooses between them for each request.
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Aug 5, 2025
gpt-oss (gpt-oss-120b and gpt-oss-20b)
gpt-oss is a family of open-weight reasoning language models released by OpenAI on 5 August 2025, in 120-billion and 20-billion parameter sizes, under the permissive Apache 2.0 license.
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Aug 5, 2025
Claude Opus 4.1
Claude Opus 4.1, released on 5 August 2025, upgraded Claude Opus 4 for agentic tasks, real-world coding and reasoning, at the same price. Anthropic later succeeded it with Claude Opus 4.5.
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Aug 1, 2025
Gemini 2.5 Deep Think
An enhanced reasoning mode for Gemini 2.5 Pro that weighs multiple hypotheses in parallel before answering, announced experimentally in 2025 and known for reaching gold-medal standard at the International Mathematical Olympiad.
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Aug 2025
Baichuan-M2
Baichuan-M2 is an open-source medical-enhanced model with 32 billion parameters, built on Qwen2.5-32B and released under Apache 2.0 for research and reference.
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Jul 31, 2025
Command A Vision
Command A Vision is Cohere's first vision-language model in the Command family, released in July 2025. It pairs a 112-billion-parameter Command A language model with a SigLIP2 image encoder to read images, charts and documents and answer in text.
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Jul 22, 2025
Megrez2-3x7B-A3B
Megrez2-3x7B-A3B is a mixture-of-experts language model from Infinigence AI built for on-device deployment, in which groups of adjacent layers share one pool of experts so that it stores 7.5 billion parameters but activates only 3 billion per token.
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Jul 22, 2025
Qwen3-Coder
Qwen3-Coder is an open-weight family of coding models from the Qwen team; its flagship 480B-parameter model, announced in July 2025, was built and trained specifically for agentic coding tasks.
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Jul 21, 2025
HyperCLOVA X SEED 14B Think
A 14.74-billion-parameter Korean-English reasoning model released by NAVER in July 2025, built by compressing a larger model and training it with a four-stage reasoning recipe at a fraction of the cost of comparable models.
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Jul 21, 2025
Qwen3-2507
Qwen3-2507 is a staged 2025 refresh of the open-weight Qwen3 models that split thinking and non-thinking into separate checkpoints, raised native context to 262,144 tokens, and scored far above the original non-thinking mode on published benchmarks.
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Jul 15, 2025
EXAONE 4.0
EXAONE 4.0 is LG's family of large language models, released as a 32B model and a 1.2B on-device model, merging chat usability with a reasoning mode and adding tool use and Spanish support.
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Jul 15, 2025
Voxtral
Voxtral is Mistral AI's family of speech-understanding models, released on 15 July 2025 in 24B and 3B sizes under Apache 2.0; it transcribes long audio, answers questions about it, and turns spoken requests into function calls.
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Jul 9, 2025
Grok 4 and Grok 4 Heavy
Grok 4 and Grok 4 Heavy are xAI's models from July 2025. Grok 4 has a 256,000-token context and was trained with reinforcement learning at pretraining scale, while Heavy runs parallel test-time compute.
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Jul 8, 2025
SmolLM3
SmolLM3 is a 3-billion-parameter open model released by Hugging Face on 8 July 2025. It supports six languages and up to 128K tokens of context, with switchable reasoning, under Apache 2.0.
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Jul 2025
Skild Brain
Skild Brain is Skild AI's general-purpose foundation model for robots, trained in a universe of 100,000 different machines and meant to be fitted to existing hardware rather than built for one task.
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Jul 2025
GLM-4.5 and GLM-4.5-Air
GLM-4.5 is Zhipu's open-weight language model, released in July 2025 with 355 billion total parameters and a lighter sibling, GLM-4.5-Air. Both are hybrid reasoning models released under the MIT License.
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Jul 2025
Kimi K2
Kimi K2 is an open-weight mixture-of-experts language model from Moonshot AI, released in July 2025 with 1 trillion total parameters, 32 billion active per token and a 128K-token context.
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Jul 2025
Jamba 1.7
Jamba 1.7 is a July 2025 update to the Jamba family, with Large and Mini versions offering 256k-token context, nine languages, and improved grounding and steerability.
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Jun 27, 2025
Hunyuan-A13B
Hunyuan-A13B is Tencent's open-weight mixture-of-experts language model, released on 27 June 2025 with 80 billion total parameters, 13 billion active per token and a 256K context.
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Jun 26, 2025
Gemma 3n
Gemma 3n is a mobile-first open model in Google's Gemma family, released in June 2025 in two sizes that run in roughly 2–3 GB of memory and natively accept image, audio, video and text input.
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Jun 17, 2025
Gemini 2.5 Flash-Lite
Gemini 2.5 Flash-Lite is the lowest-cost model in Google's Gemini 2.5 family, built for high-throughput work such as classification and summarisation, with thinking off by default and a controllable thinking budget.
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Jun 11, 2025
Seed1.6 (Doubao-Seed-1.6)
ByteDance Seed's general-purpose model series, announced on 11 June 2025 as Doubao Large Model 1.6, combining multimodal input, a 256K context window and a mode that decides per prompt whether to reason before answering.
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Jun 10, 2025
OpenAI o3-pro
OpenAI o3-pro is a version of the o3 model released on 10 June 2025, which OpenAI described as its most capable model at the time and recommended for hard questions where reliability matters more than speed.
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Jun 10, 2025
Magistral
Magistral is Mistral AI's first family of reasoning models, launched in June 2025 with an open-weight Small model and an enterprise Medium model. It supports multilingual reasoning and was later updated and retired.
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Jun 9, 2025
MiniCPM4
MiniCPM4 is a language model built for end-side devices rather than servers, pairing a trainable sparse attention mechanism with a compact data recipe and an inference stack tuned for long-context speed.
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Jun 9, 2025
Apple Foundation Models (2025)
Apple Foundation Models (2025) are the second generation of Apple's models. They add image understanding and a mixture-of-experts server design, and they open an on-device model to developers through the Foundation Models framework.
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Jun 2025
MiniMax-M1
MiniMax-M1 is an open reasoning model released by MiniMax in June 2025. It has 456B total parameters, a native 1-million-token context and an Apache 2.0 license, and it comes in 40K and 80K thinking-budget versions.
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May 28, 2025
DeepSeek-R1-0528
An updated release of DeepSeek's open-weight reasoning model, published on 28 May 2025 under the MIT License, with markedly higher scores on competition math, science and coding benchmarks, plus system-prompt support and stronger function calling.
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May 23, 2025
Sarvam-M
Sarvam-M is Sarvam AI's open-weights 24-billion-parameter model, post-trained from Mistral Small for eleven Indian languages. It runs in think and non-think modes and reports large gains on Indic, maths and coding benchmarks.
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May 22, 2025
Claude 4 (Claude Opus 4 and Claude Sonnet 4)
Claude Opus 4 and Claude Sonnet 4, announced on 22 May 2025, were hybrid models with extended thinking. Anthropic called Opus 4 the best coding model in the world, and Claude Code became generally available the same day.
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May 21, 2025
Devstral
Devstral is Mistral AI's family of open-weight models for agentic coding, first released in May 2025 with All Hands AI; the first version scored 46.8% on SWE-Bench Verified and could run on a single consumer GPU.
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May 14, 2025
AlphaEvolve
AlphaEvolve is a Google DeepMind coding agent announced on 14 May 2025 that pairs Gemini models with automated evaluators to evolve algorithms, yielding a Borg scheduling heuristic, faster kernels and new mathematical results.
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May 8, 2025
Seed-Coder
Seed-Coder is a family of open code models released by ByteDance Seed in May 2025, with 8B-parameter Base, Instruct and Reasoning variants trained on data filtered by language models rather than hand-written rules.
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May 7, 2025
Mistral Medium 3
Mistral Medium 3 is a proprietary model released by Mistral AI on 7 May 2025, marketed as a mid-sized system that nears larger competitors at a much lower price and can be self-hosted on four GPUs.
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May 1, 2025
Falcon-H1
Falcon-H1 is a family of open-weight language models that runs Transformer attention and state space layers in parallel, released in sizes from 0.5B to 34B parameters under the Falcon-LLM Licence.
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Apr 30, 2025
MiMo-7B
MiMo-7B is a 7-billion-parameter reasoning model from Xiaomi's LLM-Core team, pre-trained on 25 trillion tokens and tuned with reinforcement learning on verifiable math and code problems, reported to surpass OpenAI o1-mini on several reasoning benchmarks.
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Apr 30, 2025
Amazon Nova Premier
Amazon Nova Premier is the most capable model of the first Nova generation, available in Amazon Bedrock from 30 April 2025. It handles text, images and video with a 1-million-token context window, and also serves as a teacher model for smaller Nova models.
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Apr 30, 2025
Phi-4-reasoning
A 14-billion-parameter open-weight reasoning model released by Microsoft in April 2025, built by fine-tuning Phi-4 on reasoning traces generated by OpenAI's o3-mini and published under the MIT licence.
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Apr 29, 2025
Qwen3
Qwen3 is a family of large language models from Alibaba, released on 29 April 2025 under Apache 2.0. Its main feature is hybrid thinking, which lets one model reason step by step or answer directly.
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Apr 25, 2025
ERNIE X1 Turbo
ERNIE X1 Turbo is a Baidu reasoning model released on 25 April 2025, positioned as a cheaper and more capable successor to ERNIE X1, with stronger chain-of-thought, multimodal and tool-use abilities.
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Apr 25, 2025
ERNIE 4.5 Turbo
ERNIE 4.5 Turbo is Baidu's multimodal large language model released on 25 April 2025, presented as a faster successor to ERNIE 4.5 with lower hallucination rates and sharply cut API prices.
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Apr 22, 2025
π0.5 (pi-zero-point-five)
π0.5 is a vision-language-action model from Physical Intelligence, released in April 2025, built to generalize to unfamiliar homes and trained by co-training on many kinds of robot and web data.
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Apr 17, 2025
Gemini 2.5 Flash
A model in Google's Gemini 2.5 family, released in preview in April 2025 and generally available that June. Google called it its first fully hybrid reasoning model, letting developers turn thinking on or off with a token budget.
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Apr 16, 2025
OpenAI o4-mini
A small reasoning model released by OpenAI in April 2025 alongside o3, built for fast, low-cost reasoning; with a Python interpreter it reached 99.5% pass@1 on AIME 2025, and it was later succeeded by GPT-5 mini.