Products

The Mark I Perceptron was the first hardware implementation of the perceptron algorithm: a custom analog computer built at Cornell Aeronautical Laboratory for image recognition, with photocells as input and motor-driven potentiometers as learnable weights.

Research historyDeep learningProduct history

A checkers program built by Arthur Samuel at IBM, begun in 1949 and published in 1959, that learned by memorising positions, playing itself and scoring board positions, and played at a respectable amateur level.

Research historyProduct historySymbolic AI

Lisp is a programming language invented by John McCarthy at MIT in 1958, whose programs are themselves lists. It became the favoured language of early artificial intelligence research and introduced automatic garbage collection.

Research historyProduct historyDeveloper tools

Fortran is a programming language for numerical and scientific computing, developed from 1954 and released by IBM in 1957. Its compiler showed that automatically translated code could run nearly as fast as hand-written machine code.

Research historyProduct historyDeveloper tools

GPS was a program built at RAND to act as a universal problem-solving machine, and is credited as the first computer program to separate problem knowledge from a general solving strategy.

Research historyProduct historySymbolic AI

Logic Theorist, completed in 1956 by Allen Newell, Herbert A. Simon and Cliff Shaw, was the first program deliberately built to perform automated reasoning; it proved dozens of theorems from Principia Mathematica and introduced heuristics, list processing and reasoning as search.

Research historyProduct historySymbolic AI

IBM's first electronic computer, announced to shareholders in April 1952. Built as a general-purpose machine, it ran some 25 to 50 times faster than its predecessors and opened IBM's 700 series.

Research historyProduct historyHardware & compute

ENIAC, announced on 14 February 1946, is described by the University of Pennsylvania as the first general-purpose electronic computer: a 30-ton machine with 18,000 vacuum tubes, built to produce military firing tables.

Research historyProduct historyHardware & compute

Tencent Cloud CodeBuddy is an AI programming assistant offered as a plugin, an IDE and a CLI, covering design-to-code, requirements documents, backend setup and one-click deployment.

ChinaAgents & tool useDeveloper tools

Alibaba Cloud's AI coding assistant, now presented as Qoder CN after being upgraded from Lingma: an IDE, JetBrains plugin, CLI, agent workbench, cloud agents, SDK and digital-worker product, sold in enterprise plans with a choice of Chinese models.

ChinaEnterpriseDeveloper tools

Agent Development Kit (ADK) is an open-source, code-first Python framework for building, evaluating and deploying AI agents, built around a graph-based workflow runtime, and ported to several other languages.

Open sourceAgents & tool useDeveloper tools

Coze Studio is an open-source, Apache-2.0 visual tool from the coze-dev GitHub organisation for building AI agents, apps and workflows, written in Go and React, deployable with Docker Compose, and connectable through an OpenAPI and a Chat SDK.

Open sourceChinaAgents & tool use

Dify is an open-source platform for building LLM applications, combining an AI workflow editor, a RAG pipeline, agent capabilities and model management in one interface, with managed cloud, VPC and self-hosted deployment options.

Open sourceEnterpriseAgents & tool use

LangGraph is LangChain's agent runtime and low-level orchestration framework for building agents, with built-in memory, token streaming and human approval. Its 1.0 release, which LangChain called the first stable major release in the durable agent framework space, arrived in October 2025.

Open sourceAgents & tool useDeveloper tools

Epoch AI's Benchmarking Hub collects benchmark results for leading AI models, including Epoch-run evaluations, and combines many scores into the Epoch Capabilities Index, a single general capability scale.

Large language modelsResearch historyData & datasets

LM Studio is a closed-source desktop app for macOS, Windows and Linux that lets people download, run and chat with large language models entirely on their own computer, and serves them to other software through OpenAI-compatible local endpoints.

Large language modelsConsumer appsDeveloper tools

JAX is a Python library for accelerator-oriented array computation and program transformation, aimed at high-performance numerical computing and large-scale machine learning. It pairs a NumPy-style API with composable transformations for compilation, batching, differentiation and parallelization.

Research historyOpen sourceDeep learning

XNGP is XPENG's advanced driver assistance system, developed full stack in-house; its next generation, VLA 2.0, generates driving actions directly from visual signals and is slated for mass production in 2026.

ChinaConsumer appsRobotics

Apollo Go is Baidu's autonomous ride-hailing service. It reported more than 2.2 million fully driverless rides in the second quarter of 2025, had passed 14 million cumulative rides by August 2025, and is expanding through testing permits and partnerships with Uber and Lyft.

ChinaConsumer appsRobotics

Notion AI is Notion's set of AI features — agents, enterprise search, meeting notes and admin controls — sold per seat, with a Notion Agent that completes multi-step tasks and Custom Agents that automate recurring team work.

EnterpriseAgents & tool useProduct history

Pika is a set of AI creative tools for video, image and audio, reached through a web app as well as an iOS app, a Model Context Protocol server and a ChatGPT app, and it lists its own models alongside third-party ones.

Consumer appsProduct historyGenerative models

Synthesia is an AI video platform for business: users type a script and an AI avatar presents it, with tools for generation, dubbing, translation, screen recording and motion graphics, plus a separate Sessions line for interactive roleplay and surveys.

EnterpriseProduct historyGenerative models

HeyGen is an AI video platform that turns a short recording of a person into a speaking avatar for social content, courses and business videos. Its Avatar V model is pitched at consistency across long clips and many languages.

EnterpriseConsumer appsProduct history

Runway builds generative video, image and audio tools used by more than 60 million creative users, and researches general-purpose world models that simulate video, audio and interfaces in real time.

EnterpriseProduct historyGenerative models

ElevenLabs is an AI voice and media platform whose business spans voice generation, voice agents for customer experience and creative tools; it ended 2025 with $350 million in annual recurring revenue.

EnterpriseConsumer appsProduct history

Suno is an AI music generator that turns prompts into finished songs, and increasingly a browser-based production suite with a studio, voice recording and stem separation.

Consumer appsProduct historyGenerative models

Poe is a platform where creators build and share AI-powered applications — from simple prompt bots to server bots, script bots, canvas apps and API bots — reaching millions of users, with per-call creator payouts and platform-covered inference costs.

Agents & tool useConsumer appsProduct history

Manus is a general-purpose AI agent product, marketed as "Hands On AI", that runs research, slides, design, images, music and video, and shipped a new architecture, Manus 2.0, on 28 September 2026.

Agents & tool useConsumer appsProduct history

Cursor is an AI code editor made by Anysphere, Inc. that lets programmers work alongside AI agents; it grew from a small Series A to a product used across the Fortune 500 and was acquired by SpaceX in 2026.

Agents & tool useProduct historyDeveloper tools

Chinook is a checkers-playing computer program built by Jonathan Schaeffer and colleagues [^1]. It became the first computer program to win a human world championship in any game, and its completed form cannot be beaten [^1].

Research historyProduct historyScience

AutoNav is the autonomous driving software used by NASA's Spirit and Opportunity Mars rovers. It combines stereo vision, GESTALT terrain assessment, Visual Odometry, and Field D* path planning to let rovers choose and drive safe paths without step-by-step direction from Earth.

Research historyRoboticsComputer vision

ImageNet is a large, hierarchical image database built on the WordNet conceptual model and released at Princeton University in 2009. It holds more than 14 million images in 21,841 categories, with bounding-box annotations, and a 1,000-class subset used by the ILSVRC challenge.

Research historyData & datasetsScience

Google's self-driving car prototype was a modified production car that used cameras, radar and a roof-mounted laser range finder to sense traffic, drove routes that had been mapped in advance by manually driven cars, and always carried a trained safety driver and a software operator.

Research historyProduct historyRobotics

Soccer Server is a software simulator of soccer, begun by Itsuki Noda as a platform for multi-agent systems research, which later became the official soccer server of RoboCup.

Research historyOpen sourceRobotics

MYCIN was an early expert system built at Stanford in the 1970s to identify bacteria causing severe infections and recommend antibiotic treatment, notable for separating its rule base from its inference engine and for explaining its own reasoning.

Research historyProduct historySymbolic AI

Cinematch was Netflix's own algorithm for predicting what rating a subscriber would give a film. Its accuracy became the baseline of the Netflix Prize, a $1 million contest to beat it by 10 percent.

Research historyProduct historyData & datasets

Transformers is an open-source Python library that offers pretrained Transformer models through one unified API. Its paper was posted to arXiv on 9 October 2019, and the first v5 release candidate came in December 2025.

Large language modelsOpen sourceDeep learning

NVIDIA's robotics development platform for simulation, training, perception, and deployment.

RoboticsDeveloper toolsSimulation