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| 1X Technologies 1X Technologies is the robotics company, founded in 2014 as Halodi Robotics, that builds tendon-driven humanoid robots. In October 2025 it announced NEO, a home humanoid priced at $20,000 or by monthly subscription, with first deliveries planned for 2026. | 2014 |
| Agentic AI Foundation The Agentic AI Foundation is a Linux Foundation project launched in December 2025 to provide vendor-neutral governance for agent interoperability, security and accountability. It grew from three hosted projects to ten and passed 300 member organisations within a year. | 2025 |
| AgiBot (Zhiyuan Robotics) Chinese humanoid robotics company founded in February 2023 by Peng Zhihui, a former Huawei "genius youth"; it builds complete robots and their joint modules, and aims to push hardware costs below 200,000 yuan. | 2023 |
| Agility Robotics Agility Robotics builds Digit, a bipedal mobile manipulation robot, and assembles it at its own factory in Salem, Oregon. The company has tested the robot with Amazon and deployed it with a logistics customer under a multi-year agreement. | |
| AGNTCY AGNTCY is an open-source project, open sourced by Cisco in March 2025 and welcomed by the Linux Foundation in July 2025, that gives AI agents from different vendors shared infrastructure for discovery, identity, messaging and observability. | 2025 |
| Apptronik Apptronik is an Austin robotics company spun out of a University of Texas lab in 2016 that builds the Apollo humanoid robot and has signed commercial deals with Mercedes-Benz and GXO Logistics. | 2016 |
| Arup A British multinational design and engineering firm founded in 1946 by Sir Ove Arup, known for complex landmark projects such as the Sydney Opera House and for ownership held in trust for its employees. | 1946 |
| Aurora Innovation Aurora Innovation is a self-driving technology company founded in 2017 that went public in 2021 and began regular driverless commercial trucking between Dallas and Houston in April 2025. | 2017 |
| Boston Dynamics A robotics company spun out of MIT in 1992, known for legged and humanoid machines such as BigDog, Atlas, Spot and Handle, and now majority-owned by Hyundai Motor Group. | 1992 |
| Carnegie Mellon University Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh has one of the earliest US computer science departments. Its researchers built the Logic Theorist, Sphinx speech recognition and the Deep Blue lineage, and won the 2007 DARPA Urban Challenge. | 1900 |
| Constellation Energy American energy company headquartered in Baltimore, one of the largest electricity producers in the United States, known for its 2024 agreement to restart Three Mile Island Unit 1. | 2022 |
| Covariant Covariant is a robotics AI company founded in 2017 by researchers largely from UC Berkeley; in 2024 Amazon hired its founders and took a non-exclusive licence to its robotics foundation models. | 2017 |
| Cruise Cruise was a San Francisco autonomous-vehicle company founded in 2013 and acquired by General Motors in 2016; it ran paid driverless rides in San Francisco before its permits were suspended and GM wound the business down. | 2013 |
| DARPA DARPA is the research agency of the United States Department of Defense, created in 1958 in response to Sputnik. It states its mission as creating and preventing technological surprise, and its Grand Challenges brought autonomous vehicle work to a wider community. | 1958 |
| Department of Machine Intelligence and Perception, University of Edinburgh The Department of Machine Intelligence and Perception at the University of Edinburgh, created in October 1966 out of Donald Michie's Experimental Programming Unit, was an early British institutional home for artificial intelligence and a forerunner of the university's School of Informatics. | 1966 |
| Figure AI Figure AI is a Sunnyvale, California company building general-purpose humanoid robots for industrial work, backed by a large investor group and partnered with BMW Manufacturing. | |
| Fourier Intelligence Fourier is a Shanghai robotics company founded in 2015 by Gu Jie. It began with rehabilitation robots and exoskeletons, then released the GR-1, GR-2 and GR-3 full-size humanoid robots in 2023, 2024 and 2025. | 2015 |
| Galbot (Galactic General Robotics) Galbot is a robotics company founded in 2023 that builds general-purpose robots around an embodied foundation model, with its AstraBrain model family, a large-scale data infrastructure and deployed robots in several industries. | 2023 |
| General Motors General Motors acquired the self-driving startup Cruise Automation in 2016, then stopped funding its robotaxi work in December 2024 and refocused on hands-free driver assistance such as Super Cruise. | |
| GitHub GitHub is a code hosting and collaboration platform used by more than 225 million developers, acquired by Microsoft in 2018 and the birthplace of the GitHub Copilot coding assistant. |