Models

OpenAI's cybersecurity-focused model, released on 5 November 2026 and limited to the top tier of its Daybreak Red programme; OpenAI says it surfaced 948 potential Linux kernel issues and 81 novel Firefox vulnerabilities.

Large language modelsReasoningSafety & governance

Gemini 4 Carbon is a Google DeepMind frontier model announced on 28 October 2026, two weeks after Gemini 4 Argon, with Google claiming state-of-the-art cybersecurity and long-horizon capabilities.

Large language modelsReasoningSafety & governance

OpenAI's late-2026 model family: Sol, released at DevDay on 29 September 2026, and the faster, cheaper Terra on 26 October 2026. A planned Astra version was withheld over safety concerns.

Large language modelsAgents & tool useSafety & governance

Grok 4.7 is xAI's September 2026 flagship model for coding and knowledge work, built on a larger base model than Grok 4.6 with longer reinforcement learning and a new safeguard stack, at unchanged token prices.

Large language modelsAgents & tool useSafety & governance

Gemini 3.8 Flash is Google's fast, low-cost model released on 2 September 2026, alongside a cybersecurity variant, Gemini 3.8 Flash Cyber, with introductory pricing that doubles at the start of 2027.

Large language modelsReasoningSafety & governance

Claude Fable 5.1, released on 1 September 2026, keeps the $10 and $50 per million token price of Fable 5, with cache reads 75% cheaper. Its sibling Claude Mythos 5.1 is limited to trusted-access programmes.

Large language modelsAgents & tool useSafety & governance

GLM-5.3 is Zhipu's open-weight language model released on 14 August 2026. It keeps the GLM-5.2 base model and gains its improvements from post-training, with reported state-of-the-art open results on agentic coding and cybersecurity benchmarks.

Open sourceChinaAgents & tool use

Claude Opus 5, released on 24 July 2026 at $5 and $25 per million tokens, is Anthropic's most aligned model to date and its most capable generally available model for scientific research.

Large language modelsAgents & tool useSafety & governance

OpenAI's three-model family released on 9 July 2026 — Luna, Terra and Sol, ordered from least to most capable — with Sol pitched as the company's strongest coding and agent model.

Large language modelsAgents & tool useSafety & governance

Claude Fable 5 is Anthropic's Mythos-class model for general use, released on 9 June 2026. Its sibling Claude Mythos 5 is the same model with some safeguards lifted for vetted users.

Large language modelsAgents & tool useSafety & governance

Released on 28 May 2026 at the same price as Opus 4.7, Claude Opus 4.8 added a fast mode at 2.5 times the speed, with fewer unnoticed flaws in its own code. Anthropic called it a modest but tangible improvement.

Large language modelsAgents & tool useSafety & governance

GPT-5.5 is an OpenAI model released on 23 April 2026 as GPT-5.5 Thinking and Pro, with an API version the next day. It succeeded GPT-5.4 and had a cybersecurity variant in limited preview.

Large language modelsReasoningSafety & governance

Released on 16 April 2026 at the same price as Opus 4.6, Claude Opus 4.7 added an xhigh effort level and accepted much larger images. It was the first model to test automatic blocking of high-risk cybersecurity requests.

Large language modelsAgents & tool useSafety & governance

Claude Mythos Preview, announced on 7 April 2026, is an unreleased frontier model that Anthropic made available only to restricted partners through Project Glasswing, a programme for securing critical software.

Large language modelsAgents & tool useReasoning

A speech-to-text model from Microsoft AI released in April 2026 that transcribes 25 languages, runs Copilot's Voice Mode, and starts at $0.36 per hour of audio.

EnterpriseMultimodalCloud

NVIDIA Nemotron 3 is an open family of hybrid mixture-of-experts language models, announced in December 2025 in Nano, Super and Ultra sizes, with up to one million tokens of context.

Large language modelsOpen sourceAgents & tool use

GWM-1 is Runway's first general world model: an autoregressive system that generates 720p video frame by frame in real time and can be steered with camera pose, robot commands or audio.

MultimodalRoboticsGenerative models

Gemini 3 Deep Think is Google's enhanced reasoning mode for Gemini 3, announced with Gemini 3 Pro on 18 November 2025 and released to Google AI Ultra subscribers on 3 December 2025, with an upgraded version following in February 2026.

Large language modelsReasoningScience

Amazon Nova 2 is the second generation of Amazon's Nova models, released at AWS re:Invent in December 2025. Its first member, Nova 2 Lite, is a fast reasoning model available in Amazon Bedrock with a 1-million-token context.

Large language modelsAgents & tool useMultimodal

DeepSeekMath-V2, released on 27 November 2025, is a mathematical reasoning model trained to verify its own proofs. DeepSeek reported gold-level scores on IMO 2025 and CMO 2024 problems, and 118 of 120 on Putnam 2024.

Open sourceChinaReasoning

Olmo 3 is the third generation of the Allen Institute for AI's fully open language models, announced on 20 November 2025 in 7B and 32B dense Transformer sizes, with a 65,536-token context and all datasets openly available.

Large language modelsOpen sourceReasoning

SAM 3 is Meta's segmentation model from November 2025. It finds, segments and tracks every instance of a concept named by a short text prompt or an example image, and Meta reported it doubles the accuracy of existing systems on this task.

Open sourceFoundation modelsData & datasets

DeepSeek-OCR is an open-source model of about 3B parameters that renders long text as 2D images and reads it back from a small number of vision tokens, testing whether optical compression can stand in for very long text contexts.

Open sourceChinaMultimodal

Sora 2 is OpenAI's second-generation video and audio generation model, unveiled on 30 September 2025 with a social iOS app. OpenAI discontinued Sora in 2026, and its API models were scheduled to shut down in September 2026.

Consumer appsGenerative modelsSafety & governance

Claude Sonnet 4.5, released on 29 September 2025, was a drop-in replacement for Sonnet 4 at the same price. Anthropic reported that it could stay focused on complex tasks for more than 30 hours.

Large language modelsAgents & tool useSafety & governance

Qwen3-Max is Alibaba's proprietary trillion-parameter language model, released in September 2025 and served through Alibaba's API. It is the Max-tier flagship that followed Qwen2.5-Max.

Large language modelsChinaFoundation models

Nemotron Nano 2 is NVIDIA's 9B reasoning model, built on a hybrid Mamba-Transformer design and released with open weights and most of its training data; NVIDIA reports much higher throughput than similar-sized models.

Large language modelsOpen sourceReasoning

Genie 3 is Google DeepMind's general-purpose world model, announced on 5 August 2025. It turns text prompts into interactive 720p environments that can be navigated in real time at 24 frames per second, and was released as a limited research preview.

Agents & tool useGenerative modelsSimulation

An enhanced reasoning mode for Gemini 2.5 Pro that weighs multiple hypotheses in parallel before answering, announced experimentally in 2025 and known for reaching gold-medal standard at the International Mathematical Olympiad.

Large language modelsReasoningScience

HunyuanWorld 1.0 is Tencent's open-source model for generating explorable, mesh-exportable 3D worlds from text or images. Released in July 2025, it was followed by a series of lighter and faster versions.

Open sourceChinaGenerative models

SmolLM3 is a 3-billion-parameter open model released by Hugging Face on 8 July 2025. It supports six languages and up to 128K tokens of context, with switchable reasoning, under Apache 2.0.

Large language modelsOpen sourceReasoning

Skild Brain is Skild AI's general-purpose foundation model for robots, trained in a universe of 100,000 different machines and meant to be fitted to existing hardware rather than built for one task.

EnterpriseDeep learningFoundation models

OpenAI o3-pro is a version of the o3 model released on 10 June 2025, which OpenAI described as its most capable model at the time and recommended for hard questions where reliability matters more than speed.

Large language modelsReasoningScience

Claude Opus 4 and Claude Sonnet 4, announced on 22 May 2025, were hybrid models with extended thinking. Anthropic called Opus 4 the best coding model in the world, and Claude Code became generally available the same day.

Large language modelsAgents & tool useReasoning

Aurora is a foundation model for the Earth system, trained on more than a million hours of geophysical data. It outperforms operational forecasts for weather, air quality, ocean waves and tropical cyclone tracks at far lower computational cost.

Deep learningFoundation modelsScience

AlphaEvolve is a Google DeepMind coding agent announced on 14 May 2025 that pairs Gemini models with automated evaluators to evolve algorithms, yielding a Borg scheduling heuristic, faster kernels and new mathematical results.

Agents & tool useReasoningScience

Falcon-H1 is a family of open-weight language models that runs Transformer attention and state space layers in parallel, released in sizes from 0.5B to 34B parameters under the Falcon-LLM Licence.

Large language modelsOpen sourceFoundation models

DeepSeek's open-source model for formal theorem proving in Lean 4, trained with a subgoal-decomposition pipeline; it reached an 88.9% pass ratio on MiniF2F-test and introduced the ProverBench benchmark.

Open sourceChinaReasoning

Amazon Nova Premier is the most capable model of the first Nova generation, available in Amazon Bedrock from 30 April 2025. It handles text, images and video with a 1-million-token context window, and also serves as a teacher model for smaller Nova models.

Large language modelsEnterpriseMultimodal

A speech-to-speech foundation model in Amazon's Nova family, announced on 8 April 2025, which handles recognition, understanding and speech generation in a single model rather than a chain of separate ones.

Agents & tool useMultimodalGenerative models

Hunyuan-T1 is Tencent's deep-reasoning model, officially released on 21 March 2025 and built on the Hunyuan-TurboS base. Tencent did not release its weights.

Large language modelsChinaReasoning

Isaac GR00T N1 is an open foundation model for humanoid robots that NVIDIA announced on 18 March 2025. It is designed to be post-trained for a specific robot or task, and it pairs a planning model with quick motion control.

Open sourceFoundation modelsRobotics

The largest model in Ai2's OLMo 2 family: a 32-billion-parameter language model released with its data, code, weights and training details, and reported to outperform GPT-3.5-Turbo and GPT-4o mini on academic benchmarks.

Large language modelsOpen sourceData & datasets

Mistral OCR is a document-understanding API released by Mistral AI on 6 March 2025 that reads text, tables, equations and embedded media across thousands of scripts and languages, and was later superseded by newer OCR versions.

EnterpriseData & datasetsComputer vision

Hunyuan Turbo S is a fast-thinking model released by Tencent on 27 February 2025, built on a hybrid Mamba-Transformer design with 560 billion total parameters. Its weights were not released.

Large language modelsChinaFoundation models

Qwen2.5-Max is Alibaba's large mixture-of-experts model, announced in January 2025. It was offered through Qwen Chat and the Alibaba Cloud API, and its weights were not released.

Large language modelsChinaFoundation models

NVIDIA Cosmos is a platform of world foundation models that generate physics-based video to train robots and autonomous vehicles, released as open-weight models in January 2025.

Open sourceFoundation modelsRobotics

Phi-4 is Microsoft's 14-billion-parameter dense decoder-only language model, built with a data-quality-first recipe heavy on synthetic data and released with full weights under the MIT licence in January 2025.

Large language modelsOpen sourceReasoning

A version of OpenAI's o1 that spends more compute before answering, launched on 5 December 2024 inside the $200-a-month ChatGPT Pro plan and added to the API on 19 March 2025.

Large language modelsConsumer appsReasoning

Genie 2 is a foundation world model from Google DeepMind, announced on 4 December 2024, that turns a single prompt image into a playable 3D environment that a person or an AI agent can explore with keyboard and mouse controls.

Agents & tool useGenerative modelsSimulation

Amazon Nova is Amazon's family of foundation models, introduced on 3 December 2024 and offered exclusively in Amazon Bedrock. It spans text understanding models from Micro to Pro, plus Canvas for images and Reel for video, and was succeeded by Nova 2 in December 2025.

Large language modelsEnterpriseMultimodal

OLMo 2 is the second generation of the Allen Institute for AI's fully open language model family, released in 7B and 13B sizes with weights, data, code and training recipes all public.

Large language modelsOpen sourceData & datasets

SmolLM2 is Hugging Face's second family of small language models, released in November 2024 at 135M, 360M and 1.7B parameters, with open weights and a data-centric training recipe.

Large language modelsOpen sourceConsumer apps

A family of text-to-image models from Stability AI, announced in October 2024: the 8.1-billion-parameter Large, a 4-step Turbo variant and the 2.5-billion-parameter Medium, released under a community licence.

Open sourceGenerative modelsCreative tools

Molmo is a family of open vision-language models released by Ai2 on 25 September 2024 that can point at objects in images, with weights, code, data and evaluations published openly.

Open sourceMultimodalData & datasets