Models

OpenAI's cybersecurity-focused model, released on 5 November 2026 and limited to the top tier of its Daybreak Red programme; OpenAI says it surfaced 948 potential Linux kernel issues and 81 novel Firefox vulnerabilities.

Large language modelsReasoningSafety & governance

ERNIE 5.5 Flash Base is Baidu's openly published base checkpoint from November 2026: a text-only sparse mixture-of-experts model with 280B total and 14B activated parameters, released for fine-tuning rather than as a finished assistant.

Large language modelsOpen sourceChina

GO-3 Preview is an embodied AI model that AGIBOT announced in October 2026, built on a World Reasoning Action Model; the company says it topped three embodied AI benchmarks and will fully open-source it by the end of 2026.

ChinaFoundation modelsRobotics

Gemini 4 Carbon is a Google DeepMind frontier model announced on 28 October 2026, two weeks after Gemini 4 Argon, with Google claiming state-of-the-art cybersecurity and long-horizon capabilities.

Large language modelsReasoningSafety & governance

PLaMo 3 Translate is a family of translation-specialised language models from Preferred Networks, released in four sizes from 0.8B to 31B parameters, covering 53 languages and shipping in several quantised formats.

Large language modelsOpen sourceFoundation models

LFM3-Omni-2B is Liquid AI's first omni-modal model in the LFM3 family: one 2.17-billion-parameter model that reads text, images, video and audio and answers in text or speech.

Large language modelsOpen sourceConsumer apps

Jais-3-375B-A23B is an open-weight Arabic-focused mixture-of-experts model from the Institute of Foundation Models: 375 billion parameters stored, 23 billion active per token, a 512,000-token context window and Apache 2.0 weights.

Large language modelsOpen sourceAgents & tool use

OpenAI's late-2026 model family: Sol, released at DevDay on 29 September 2026, and the faster, cheaper Terra on 26 October 2026. A planned Astra version was withheld over safety concerns.

Large language modelsAgents & tool useSafety & governance

Grok 4.7 is xAI's September 2026 flagship model for coding and knowledge work, built on a larger base model than Grok 4.6 with longer reinforcement learning and a new safeguard stack, at unchanged token prices.

Large language modelsAgents & tool useSafety & governance

K2 Horizon is a family of six open language models from the Institute of Foundation Models, released in September 2026 with weights, code, training data and recipes under the Apache 2.0 licence.

Large language modelsOpen sourceAgents & tool use

Gemini 3.8 Flash is Google's fast, low-cost model released on 2 September 2026, alongside a cybersecurity variant, Gemini 3.8 Flash Cyber, with introductory pricing that doubles at the start of 2027.

Large language modelsReasoningSafety & governance

Claude Fable 5.1, released on 1 September 2026, keeps the $10 and $50 per million token price of Fable 5, with cache reads 75% cheaper. Its sibling Claude Mythos 5.1 is limited to trusted-access programmes.

Large language modelsAgents & tool useSafety & governance

Step 5 Preview is a preview release of StepFun's flagship foundation model: a sparse mixture-of-experts system with 600 billion total parameters, a 1-million-token context window and published weights, released in September 2026.

Large language modelsChinaAgents & tool use

Granite 4.2 is IBM's open-weight model generation, released on 25 August 2026 in 3B, 8B and 30B dense sizes, with a reasoning-capable 8B model under the permissive Apache-2.0 licence.

Large language modelsOpen sourceEnterprise

GLM-5.3 is Zhipu's open-weight language model released on 14 August 2026. It keeps the GLM-5.2 base model and gains its improvements from post-training, with reported state-of-the-art open results on agentic coding and cybersecurity benchmarks.

Open sourceChinaAgents & tool use

Qwen3.8 is Alibaba's 2026 flagship line. Its open 2.4-trillion-parameter model, Qwen3.8-2.4T-A95B, released in August 2026, has 95B active parameters and a custom license.

Large language modelsOpen sourceChina

Claude Opus 5, released on 24 July 2026 at $5 and $25 per million tokens, is Anthropic's most aligned model to date and its most capable generally available model for scientific research.

Large language modelsAgents & tool useSafety & governance

OpenAI's three-model family released on 9 July 2026 — Luna, Terra and Sol, ordered from least to most capable — with Sol pitched as the company's strongest coding and agent model.

Large language modelsAgents & tool useSafety & governance

Claude Fable 5 is Anthropic's Mythos-class model for general use, released on 9 June 2026. Its sibling Claude Mythos 5 is the same model with some safeguards lifted for vetted users.

Large language modelsAgents & tool useSafety & governance

Apple Foundation Models 3 (AFM 3), published on 8 June 2026, is a family of five models: two on-device models, including a sparse 20B multimodal model, and three cloud models, one of which is optimised for NVIDIA GPUs.

Large language modelsConsumer appsFoundation models

MAI-Thinking-1 is Microsoft AI's flagship reasoning model, launched on 2 June 2026 at Microsoft Build. Microsoft said it was preferred to Anthropic's Claude Sonnet 4.6 in blind human evaluations, and that developers could fine-tune its weights for the first time.

Large language modelsEnterpriseFoundation models

Released on 28 May 2026 at the same price as Opus 4.7, Claude Opus 4.8 added a fast mode at 2.5 times the speed, with fewer unnoticed flaws in its own code. Anthropic called it a modest but tangible improvement.

Large language modelsAgents & tool useSafety & governance

MiniCPM5 is a series of small, dense, open-weight language models from the MiniCPM team, beginning with a 1B model released in May 2026 and followed by a 2B model in September 2026, all aimed at on-device and other resource-constrained deployment.

Large language modelsOpen sourceChina

ERNIE 5.1 is Baidu's large language model released on 9 May 2026, derived from ERNIE 5.0's pre-training at about 6% of the usual pre-training cost, and it placed at the top of Chinese models on LMArena text and search.[^1][^3]

Large language modelsChinaAgents & tool use

GPT-5.5 is an OpenAI model released on 23 April 2026 as GPT-5.5 Thinking and Pro, with an API version the next day. It succeeded GPT-5.4 and had a cybersecurity variant in limited preview.

Large language modelsReasoningSafety & governance

π0.7 is a general-purpose robot manipulation model from Physical Intelligence that matches fine-tuned specialists on a wide range of dexterous tasks while following new language commands and recombining learned skills in unfamiliar settings.

Foundation modelsMultimodalRobotics

Released on 16 April 2026 at the same price as Opus 4.6, Claude Opus 4.7 added an xhigh effort level and accepted much larger images. It was the first model to test automatic blocking of high-risk cybersecurity requests.

Large language modelsAgents & tool useSafety & governance

EXAONE 4.5 is LG AI Research's first open-weight vision language model: a 33-billion-parameter model with a 1.2-billion-parameter vision encoder, trained on documents and text, with a 256K-token context window, released in April 2026.

Large language modelsOpen sourceFoundation models

Claude Mythos Preview, announced on 7 April 2026, is an unreleased frontier model that Anthropic made available only to restricted partners through Project Glasswing, a programme for securing critical software.

Large language modelsAgents & tool useReasoning

NVIDIA previewed Isaac GR00T N2, a next-generation robot foundation model built on a world action model architecture that the company says more than doubles success on new tasks compared with leading VLA models.

Foundation modelsRoboticsHumanoid robots

An open reasoning vision-language-action model from NVIDIA for humanoid robots, announced in March 2026 as commercially usable and trained on large public robot manipulation datasets.

Open sourceFoundation modelsRobotics

Solar Open 100B is Upstage's open-weight mixture-of-experts language model for English and Korean, released in December 2025 with 102.6 billion total parameters, 12 billion active per token, and a custom licence.

Large language modelsOpen sourceEnterprise

Tencent's flagship model released in December 2025, offered in Think and Instruct versions, built on a 406-billion-parameter mixture-of-experts architecture with a 256K-token context window.

Large language modelsChinaFoundation models

Mistral AI's flagship model of the Mistral 3 family, released in December 2025: a sparse mixture-of-experts model with 675B total parameters, open weights under Apache 2.0, and image understanding.

Large language modelsOpen sourceFoundation models

SAM 3 is Meta's segmentation model from November 2025. It finds, segments and tracks every instance of a concept named by a short text prompt or an example image, and Meta reported it doubles the accuracy of existing systems on this task.

Open sourceFoundation modelsData & datasets

A robot model from Physical Intelligence trained on demonstrations, human corrections and its own autonomous experience, reported to make espresso, fold laundry and assemble boxes with over 90% success.

Foundation modelsRoboticsReasoning

ERNIE 5.0 is Baidu's natively omni-modal foundation model, unveiled in November 2025 and described as having 2.4 trillion parameters. It is proprietary and was made available to enterprises and consumers in January 2026.

Large language modelsChinaFoundation models

Sora 2 is OpenAI's second-generation video and audio generation model, unveiled on 30 September 2025 with a social iOS app. OpenAI discontinued Sora in 2026, and its API models were scheduled to shut down in September 2026.

Consumer appsGenerative modelsSafety & governance

Claude Sonnet 4.5, released on 29 September 2025, was a drop-in replacement for Sonnet 4 at the same price. Anthropic reported that it could stay focused on complex tasks for more than 30 hours.

Large language modelsAgents & tool useSafety & governance

LongCat-Flash is a 560-billion-parameter Mixture-of-Experts language model from Meituan's LongCat team, which activates roughly 27 billion parameters per token and was released with open weights under the MIT license.

Large language modelsOpen sourceChina

Qwen3-Max is Alibaba's proprietary trillion-parameter language model, released in September 2025 and served through Alibaba's API. It is the Max-tier flagship that followed Qwen2.5-Max.

Large language modelsChinaFoundation models

Microsoft AI's first foundation model trained entirely in-house, announced on 28 August 2025. A mixture-of-experts text model, it opened for public testing on LMArena and was presented as one of several specialised models Microsoft intends to coordinate.

Large language modelsConsumer appsFoundation models

Megrez2-3x7B-A3B is a mixture-of-experts language model from Infinigence AI built for on-device deployment, in which groups of adjacent layers share one pool of experts so that it stores 7.5 billion parameters but activates only 3 billion per token.

Large language modelsOpen sourceChina

A 14.74-billion-parameter Korean-English reasoning model released by NAVER in July 2025, built by compressing a larger model and training it with a four-stage reasoning recipe at a fraction of the cost of comparable models.

Large language modelsOpen sourceFoundation models

EXAONE 4.0 is LG's family of large language models, released as a 32B model and a 1.2B on-device model, merging chat usability with a reasoning mode and adding tool use and Spanish support.

Large language modelsOpen sourceFoundation models

Skild Brain is Skild AI's general-purpose foundation model for robots, trained in a universe of 100,000 different machines and meant to be fitted to existing hardware rather than built for one task.

EnterpriseDeep learningFoundation models

MiniCPM4 is a language model built for end-side devices rather than servers, pairing a trainable sparse attention mechanism with a compact data recipe and an inference stack tuned for long-context speed.

Large language modelsOpen sourceChina

Apple Foundation Models (2025) are the second generation of Apple's models. They add image understanding and a mixture-of-experts server design, and they open an on-device model to developers through the Foundation Models framework.

Large language modelsFoundation modelsMultimodal

Sarvam-M is Sarvam AI's open-weights 24-billion-parameter model, post-trained from Mistral Small for eleven Indian languages. It runs in think and non-think modes and reports large gains on Indic, maths and coding benchmarks.

Large language modelsOpen sourceFoundation models

Claude Opus 4 and Claude Sonnet 4, announced on 22 May 2025, were hybrid models with extended thinking. Anthropic called Opus 4 the best coding model in the world, and Claude Code became generally available the same day.

Large language modelsAgents & tool useReasoning

Aurora is a foundation model for the Earth system, trained on more than a million hours of geophysical data. It outperforms operational forecasts for weather, air quality, ocean waves and tropical cyclone tracks at far lower computational cost.

Deep learningFoundation modelsScience

Falcon-H1 is a family of open-weight language models that runs Transformer attention and state space layers in parallel, released in sizes from 0.5B to 34B parameters under the Falcon-LLM Licence.

Large language modelsOpen sourceFoundation models

ERNIE 4.5 Turbo is Baidu's multimodal large language model released on 25 April 2025, presented as a faster successor to ERNIE 4.5 with lower hallucination rates and sharply cut API prices.

Large language modelsChinaFoundation models

π0.5 is a vision-language-action model from Physical Intelligence, released in April 2025, built to generalize to unfamiliar homes and trained by co-training on many kinds of robot and web data.

Deep learningFoundation modelsMultimodal

Llama 4 Behemoth is a very large Meta model previewed on 5 April 2025 as the teacher for the Llama 4 family. It was never publicly released.

Large language modelsFoundation modelsMultimodal