Models

OpenAI's cybersecurity-focused model, released on 5 November 2026 and limited to the top tier of its Daybreak Red programme; OpenAI says it surfaced 948 potential Linux kernel issues and 81 novel Firefox vulnerabilities.

Large language modelsReasoningSafety & governance

Gemini 4 Carbon is a Google DeepMind frontier model announced on 28 October 2026, two weeks after Gemini 4 Argon, with Google claiming state-of-the-art cybersecurity and long-horizon capabilities.

Large language modelsReasoningSafety & governance

OpenAI's late-2026 model family: Sol, released at DevDay on 29 September 2026, and the faster, cheaper Terra on 26 October 2026. A planned Astra version was withheld over safety concerns.

Large language modelsAgents & tool useSafety & governance

Grok 4.7 is xAI's September 2026 flagship model for coding and knowledge work, built on a larger base model than Grok 4.6 with longer reinforcement learning and a new safeguard stack, at unchanged token prices.

Large language modelsAgents & tool useSafety & governance

Gemini 3.8 Flash is Google's fast, low-cost model released on 2 September 2026, alongside a cybersecurity variant, Gemini 3.8 Flash Cyber, with introductory pricing that doubles at the start of 2027.

Large language modelsReasoningSafety & governance

Claude Fable 5.1, released on 1 September 2026, keeps the $10 and $50 per million token price of Fable 5, with cache reads 75% cheaper. Its sibling Claude Mythos 5.1 is limited to trusted-access programmes.

Large language modelsAgents & tool useSafety & governance

GLM-5.3 is Zhipu's open-weight language model released on 14 August 2026. It keeps the GLM-5.2 base model and gains its improvements from post-training, with reported state-of-the-art open results on agentic coding and cybersecurity benchmarks.

Open sourceChinaAgents & tool use

Claude Opus 5, released on 24 July 2026 at $5 and $25 per million tokens, is Anthropic's most aligned model to date and its most capable generally available model for scientific research.

Large language modelsAgents & tool useSafety & governance

OpenAI's three-model family released on 9 July 2026 — Luna, Terra and Sol, ordered from least to most capable — with Sol pitched as the company's strongest coding and agent model.

Large language modelsAgents & tool useSafety & governance

Claude Fable 5 is Anthropic's Mythos-class model for general use, released on 9 June 2026. Its sibling Claude Mythos 5 is the same model with some safeguards lifted for vetted users.

Large language modelsAgents & tool useSafety & governance

Released on 28 May 2026 at the same price as Opus 4.7, Claude Opus 4.8 added a fast mode at 2.5 times the speed, with fewer unnoticed flaws in its own code. Anthropic called it a modest but tangible improvement.

Large language modelsAgents & tool useSafety & governance

GPT-5.5 is an OpenAI model released on 23 April 2026 as GPT-5.5 Thinking and Pro, with an API version the next day. It succeeded GPT-5.4 and had a cybersecurity variant in limited preview.

Large language modelsReasoningSafety & governance

Released on 16 April 2026 at the same price as Opus 4.6, Claude Opus 4.7 added an xhigh effort level and accepted much larger images. It was the first model to test automatic blocking of high-risk cybersecurity requests.

Large language modelsAgents & tool useSafety & governance

Claude Mythos Preview, announced on 7 April 2026, is an unreleased frontier model that Anthropic made available only to restricted partners through Project Glasswing, a programme for securing critical software.

Large language modelsAgents & tool useReasoning

GWM-1 is Runway's first general world model: an autoregressive system that generates 720p video frame by frame in real time and can be steered with camera pose, robot commands or audio.

MultimodalRoboticsGenerative models

Sora 2 is OpenAI's second-generation video and audio generation model, unveiled on 30 September 2025 with a social iOS app. OpenAI discontinued Sora in 2026, and its API models were scheduled to shut down in September 2026.

Consumer appsGenerative modelsSafety & governance

Claude Sonnet 4.5, released on 29 September 2025, was a drop-in replacement for Sonnet 4 at the same price. Anthropic reported that it could stay focused on complex tasks for more than 30 hours.

Large language modelsAgents & tool useSafety & governance

Genie 3 is Google DeepMind's general-purpose world model, announced on 5 August 2025. It turns text prompts into interactive 720p environments that can be navigated in real time at 24 frames per second, and was released as a limited research preview.

Agents & tool useGenerative modelsSimulation

HunyuanWorld 1.0 is Tencent's open-source model for generating explorable, mesh-exportable 3D worlds from text or images. Released in July 2025, it was followed by a series of lighter and faster versions.

Open sourceChinaGenerative models

Skild Brain is Skild AI's general-purpose foundation model for robots, trained in a universe of 100,000 different machines and meant to be fitted to existing hardware rather than built for one task.

EnterpriseDeep learningFoundation models

Claude Opus 4 and Claude Sonnet 4, announced on 22 May 2025, were hybrid models with extended thinking. Anthropic called Opus 4 the best coding model in the world, and Claude Code became generally available the same day.

Large language modelsAgents & tool useReasoning

Aurora is a foundation model for the Earth system, trained on more than a million hours of geophysical data. It outperforms operational forecasts for weather, air quality, ocean waves and tropical cyclone tracks at far lower computational cost.

Deep learningFoundation modelsScience

Isaac GR00T N1 is an open foundation model for humanoid robots that NVIDIA announced on 18 March 2025. It is designed to be post-trained for a specific robot or task, and it pairs a planning model with quick motion control.

Open sourceFoundation modelsRobotics

NVIDIA Cosmos is a platform of world foundation models that generate physics-based video to train robots and autonomous vehicles, released as open-weight models in January 2025.

Open sourceFoundation modelsRobotics

Genie 2 is a foundation world model from Google DeepMind, announced on 4 December 2024, that turns a single prompt image into a playable 3D environment that a person or an AI agent can explore with keyboard and mouse controls.

Agents & tool useGenerative modelsSimulation

Apple Foundation Models (AFM, 2024) are the first generation of the models behind Apple Intelligence: a roughly 3-billion-parameter on-device model and a larger server model that runs in Private Cloud Compute.

Large language modelsConsumer appsFoundation models

Octo is an open-source generalist robot policy: a transformer-based diffusion model trained on 800,000 robot trajectories that can drive a range of robots out of the box and be fine-tuned to new setups.

Open sourceDeep learningFoundation models

A Google DeepMind generative world model with 11 billion parameters that turns text, images or sketches into controllable virtual worlds, described as the first generative interactive environment trained on unlabelled internet videos without action labels.

Research historyGenerative modelsSimulation

GraphCast is a Google DeepMind machine-learning model that makes global weather forecasts up to 10 days ahead, producing a 10-day forecast in under a minute on a single TPU and outperforming ECMWF's HRES on most tested variables.

Open sourceDeep learningScience

GPT-4V is a version of GPT-4 that accepts image input alongside text, documented in OpenAI's system card of 25 September 2023 and released to developers through preview API models; image understanding later became native in GPT-4o.

Large language modelsMultimodalSafety & governance

Pangu-Weather is a three-dimensional deep-learning model for medium-range global weather forecasting, published in Nature in 2023; on reanalysis data it produced stronger forecasts than ECMWF's operational system across all tested variables.

ChinaDeep learningScience

Claude is the AI assistant Anthropic announced on 14 March 2023, its first publicly available assistant. It was built around training AI to be helpful, honest and harmless, and it started the Claude model line.

Large language modelsEnterpriseConsumer apps

A pair of medical question-answering language models described in arXiv papers of 26 December 2022 and 16 May 2023; the first introduced the MultiMedQA benchmark, and Med-PaLM 2 reached up to 86.5% on MedQA.

Large language modelsSafety & governanceScience

Galactica is a large language model for science, unveiled by Meta AI and Papers with Code in November 2022. Its public demo was taken down about three days later, after users found it produced fake papers.

Large language modelsResearch historyOpen source

LaMDA is a family of conversational language models that Google announced in 2021 and described in a 2022 paper, notable for its work on safety and factual grounding in dialogue and for later powering Bard.

Large language modelsResearch historyConsumer apps

MuZero is a DeepMind reinforcement-learning algorithm that pairs tree-based search with a learned model. It reached superhuman play in Atari, Go, chess and shogi without being given the environment's rules.

Research historyDeep learningReasoning

AlphaStar is a DeepMind system that plays StarCraft II. In 2019 it reached Grandmaster level with all three races, ranking above 99.8% of active players on Battle.net.

Research historyDeep learningReasoning