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In 1994 the ACM gave its A.M. Turing Award jointly to Edward Feigenbaum, who built the pioneering expert systems, and Raj Reddy, whose Hearsay I was the first system able to recognize continuous speech.
TD-Gammon was an IBM backgammon program built by Gerald Tesauro that taught itself to evaluate positions by playing against itself with temporal-difference learning, reaching a level just below top human players and becoming an early landmark for reinforcement learning.
In 1988 the Kyoto Prize in Advanced Technology went to John McCarthy, honoured for founding artificial intelligence and for inventing LISP, the programming language built for symbol manipulation rather than numerical calculation.
The first NeurIPS conference was held in 1987 in Denver, with Ed Posner as conference president and Yaser Abu-Mostafa as program chairman; its proceedings were published as volume 0 of the series.
In October 1986 Rumelhart, Hinton and Williams published a Nature paper showing that networks with hidden units can learn useful internal representations by back-propagation — with the 1987 PDP volumes, a key publication of connectionism's second wave.
The Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) held its first meeting in Washington, DC in 1983, organised by Takeo Kanade and Dana H. Ballard. It became one of the central venues where computer vision research is presented and compared.
Japan's Ministry of International Trade and Industry launched a ten-year national project in 1982 to build a logic-programming, massively parallel computer for artificial intelligence. It produced working parallel inference machines but ended in commercial failure.
The first International Workshop on Machine Learning, held at Carnegie Mellon University in July 1980, was the meeting that grew into ICML, today one of the three main machine learning conferences.
Founded in 1979, AAAI is a nonprofit scientific society for artificial intelligence that runs conferences and workshops, publishes a quarterly magazine and conference proceedings, and promotes safe, responsible AI research and public understanding.
In 1975 the ACM gave its A.M. Turing Award jointly to Allen Newell and Herbert A. Simon, citing two decades of work that helped establish artificial intelligence, the psychology of human cognition and list processing.
In 1971 the ACM gave John McCarthy the A.M. Turing Award, honouring the researcher who named artificial intelligence, co-founded MIT's AI Project and created the LISP language.
In 1969 the ACM named Marvin Minsky a Turing Award laureate for his central role in creating and shaping artificial intelligence. He had co-founded MIT's AI laboratory and written an early paper that put symbol manipulation at the centre of the field.
On 13 June 1962, nine researchers founded the Association for Machine Translation and Computational Linguistics, which in 1968 became the Association for Computational Linguistics — the professional society that organises the field's meetings and publications.
In 1961 a Unimate robot began unloading a die-casting press at a General Motors plant in Trenton, New Jersey, becoming the first industrial robot on an assembly line and opening factory work to automation.
In the summer of 1956 a small group of researchers gathered at Dartmouth College for the Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence, widely regarded as the founding event of AI as a research field.
In the summer of 1956, at the conference that gave artificial intelligence its name, Newell and Simon presented Logic Theorist, a program that proved theorems from Principia Mathematica. The reception was lukewarm.
In August 1955 four researchers proposed a summer study at Dartmouth College on making machines simulate learning and other features of intelligence. The document is credited with introducing the term "artificial intelligence."
