Companies

Thinking Machines Lab is a San Francisco AI company founded in February 2025 by former OpenAI CTO Mira Murati. It built Tinker, an API for fine-tuning open-weight models, and released the open-weight Inkling model.

Large language modelsOpen sourceDeveloper tools

Thomson Reuters describes itself as an AI and technology company supplying professionals with trusted content and workflow automation. It owns the Westlaw legal research database, and its copyright suit against Ross Intelligence became a closely watched test of fair use in AI training.

EnterpriseData & datasetsCreative tools

Toyota Motor Corporation is an automaker that in 2015 announced the Toyota Research Institute, a separate company focused on artificial intelligence and robotics, backed by about $1 billion over five years.

EnterpriseRoboticsIndustrial automation

T. Rowe Price is a US asset management firm founded in 1937, reporting $1.86 trillion in assets under management and known for retirement and target-date investing. It was also a significant investor in Anthropic's $13 billion Series F round.

EnterpriseConsumer appsCloud

A public research university in Beijing's Haidian district, founded in 1911 as Tsinghua College. It is now a major centre for computer science and AI research, with which Turing laureate Andrew Yao, ResNet author Kaiming He and spin-out Zhipu AI are associated.

Large language modelsResearch historyChina

Tsinghua University's Institute for AI Industry Research (AIR) is an applied AI research institute set up under Zhang Yaqin, targeting the fourth industrial revolution through autonomous driving, AI plus IoT and brain-inspired intelligence.

Research historyChinaIndustrial automation

Uber's prototype self-driving Volvo XC90 struck and killed a pedestrian in Tempe, Arizona, on 18 March 2018. The NTSB sharply criticised Uber and issued recommendations after finding that the vehicle's automatic braking was disabled.

EnterpriseConsumer appsProduct history

Uber ATG was Uber's self-driving unit. After a fatal 2018 crash with a pedestrian that the NTSB traced to a distracted safety operator and weak safety oversight, Uber sold the group to Aurora in December 2020.

Research historyRoboticsSafety & governance

UBTECH Robotics is a robot company founded in March 2012 that moved from small humanoid robots to full-size industrial humanoids, listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange in 2023, and began mass production delivery of its Walker S2 robot in 2025.

ChinaEnterpriseRobotics

A UK government research body created in 2023 to study the most powerful AI models and AI safety, renamed in 2025 to focus on national security and serious crime. It advises government but has no regulatory power.

Safety & governanceEuropeInteroperability

Unimation was the Connecticut company founded in 1961 by George C. Devol and Joseph F. Engelberger that built the first Unimate robot and later the PUMA series.

Research historyProduct historyRobotics

A Chinese robotics company established in Hangzhou in 2016 that designs and builds quadruped and humanoid robots, selling them at both low starting prices and industrial contract scale.

ChinaRoboticsHardware & compute

A French-language public research university in Montreal, founded in 1878 and autonomous since 1919, known today as a centre of deep-learning research and the home institution of Yoshua Bengio and Mila.

Large language modelsResearch historyDeep learning

University College London (UCL) is a public research university in central London. Geoffrey Hinton led its Gatsby Computational Neuroscience Unit, and Demis Hassabis, a Gatsby postdoctoral researcher, later co-founded DeepMind.

Research historyDeep learningScience

The University of Alberta's Department of Computing Science is the institutional home of the Chinook checkers project, and the university has trained a long line of researchers who use games to test ideas in artificial intelligence.

Research historyEnterpriseScience

The University of California, Berkeley is a public land-grant research university founded in 1868, the first land-grant university in California, known for a long Nobel record, a history of student activism and top rankings among public universities.

Research historyDeep learningEducation

UCLA is the University of California's Los Angeles campus. Its own figures show a large, heavily undergraduate institution: 46,678 students in total, most of them Californians, taught by 5,464 faculty.

Research historyChinaEducation

A public research university in La Jolla, San Diego, founded in 1960, where connectionist neural-network research flourished in the 1980s and where data science and computing were later organised into dedicated institutes and a school.

Research historyDeep learningEducation

A public research university in Manchester, England, which dates its founding to 1824 and took its present form in 2004; the Manchester Baby, the first electronic stored-program computer, was built there.

Research historyHardware & computeEurope

A public research university in Toronto where Geoffrey Hinton has been affiliated since 1987 and where AlexNet, the 2012 deep convolutional network, was developed.

Research historyDeep learningComputer vision