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| 1X Technologies 1X Technologies is the robotics company, founded in 2014 as Halodi Robotics, that builds tendon-driven humanoid robots. In October 2025 it announced NEO, a home humanoid priced at $20,000 or by monthly subscription, with first deliveries planned for 2026. | 2014 |
| Agentic AI Foundation The Agentic AI Foundation is a Linux Foundation project launched in December 2025 to provide vendor-neutral governance for agent interoperability, security and accountability. It grew from three hosted projects to ten and passed 300 member organisations within a year. | 2025 |
| AgiBot (Zhiyuan Robotics) Chinese humanoid robotics company founded in February 2023 by Peng Zhihui, a former Huawei "genius youth"; it builds complete robots and their joint modules, and aims to push hardware costs below 200,000 yuan. | 2023 |
| Agility Robotics Agility Robotics builds Digit, a bipedal mobile manipulation robot, and assembles it at its own factory in Salem, Oregon. The company has tested the robot with Amazon and deployed it with a logistics customer under a multi-year agreement. | |
| AGNTCY AGNTCY is an open-source project, open sourced by Cisco in March 2025 and welcomed by the Linux Foundation in July 2025, that gives AI agents from different vendors shared infrastructure for discovery, identity, messaging and observability. | 2025 |
| Apptronik Apptronik is an Austin robotics company spun out of a University of Texas lab in 2016 that builds the Apollo humanoid robot and has signed commercial deals with Mercedes-Benz and GXO Logistics. | 2016 |
| Boston Dynamics A robotics company spun out of MIT in 1992, known for legged and humanoid machines such as BigDog, Atlas, Spot and Handle, and now majority-owned by Hyundai Motor Group. | 1992 |
| Figure AI Figure AI is a Sunnyvale, California company building general-purpose humanoid robots for industrial work, backed by a large investor group and partnered with BMW Manufacturing. | |
| Fourier Intelligence Fourier is a Shanghai robotics company founded in 2015 by Gu Jie. It began with rehabilitation robots and exoskeletons, then released the GR-1, GR-2 and GR-3 full-size humanoid robots in 2023, 2024 and 2025. | 2015 |
| Galbot (Galactic General Robotics) Galbot is a robotics company founded in 2023 that builds general-purpose robots around an embodied foundation model, with its AstraBrain model family, a large-scale data infrastructure and deployed robots in several industries. | 2023 |
| Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Honda Motor Co., Ltd. is the company that built ASIMO, the humanoid robot it announced in Tokyo on 20 November 2000, following humanoid robotics research that began in 1986 and ran through a series of experimental walking machines. | |
| National Development and Reform Commission The National Development and Reform Commission is a ministerial-level department of China's State Council that drafts and implements economic and social development plans, manages investment and coordinates macro-economic policy. It descends from the State Planning Commission established in 1952. | |
| National Institute of Standards and Technology NIST is a U.S. federal physical science laboratory founded in 1901 and now part of the Department of Commerce, which works on measurement science, standards and technology — and has recently become the home of the government's AI safety and evaluation work. | 1901 |
| Open Source Initiative A non-profit founded in 1998 that stewards the Open Source Definition and, since 2024, the Open Source AI Definition, setting a shared standard for what counts as open source. | 1998 |
| Sanctuary AI Sanctuary AI is a Vancouver-based robotics company founded in 2018 that aims to build human-like intelligence for general-purpose robots. Its humanoid robot Phoenix was named to TIME's Best Inventions of 2023 list, and the company reported its first commercial deployment that year. | 2018 |
| State Council of the People's Republic of China The State Council is China's Central People's Government: the executive body of the highest organ of state power and the highest organ of state administration, led by a Premier who assumes overall responsibility. | |
| Tesla, Inc. Tesla is the American company behind Optimus, a humanoid robot first shown as a concept at its 2021 AI Day; later reports describe pilot production lines, plans for volume manufacturing and a target unit cost below US$20,000. | |
| UBTECH Robotics UBTECH Robotics is a robot company founded in March 2012 that moved from small humanoid robots to full-size industrial humanoids, listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange in 2023, and began mass production delivery of its Walker S2 robot in 2025. | 2012 |
| UK AI Security Institute A UK government research body created in 2023 to study the most powerful AI models and AI safety, renamed in 2025 to focus on national security and serious crime. It advises government but has no regulatory power. | 2023 |
| Unitree Robotics A Chinese robotics company established in Hangzhou in 2016 that designs and builds quadruped and humanoid robots, selling them at both low starting prices and industrial contract scale. | 2016 |