Models

Llama 3.2, announced on 25 September 2024, added vision models at 11 billion and 90 billion parameters and small text-only models at 1 billion and 3 billion for edge and mobile devices.

Large language modelsOpen sourceMultimodal

Pixtral 12B is Mistral AI's first multimodal model, pairing a 12B language decoder with a 400M vision encoder. Released openly under Apache 2.0 in September 2024, it reads images at native resolution and was retired at the end of 2025.

Open sourceMultimodalComputer vision

NVLM is a family of multimodal large language models from NVIDIA, described in a paper posted to arXiv in September 2024; its flagship NVLM-D-72B was later released as open weights for non-commercial use.

Large language modelsOpen sourceMultimodal

Kling 1.5 is a September 2024 version of Kuaishou's video generation model, adding 1080p output, a Motion Brush, and quality improvements before being succeeded by Kling 1.6 in December 2024.

ChinaMultimodalGenerative models

Qwen2-VL is Alibaba's vision-language model released on 29 August 2024. It understands videos longer than 20 minutes, reads text in many languages, and can act as an agent on phones and robots.

Open sourceChinaAgents & tool use

xAI's Grok-2 and Grok-2 mini, released in August 2024 as a beta for X subscribers, added image input, posted competitive benchmark scores and later had their weights published.

Large language modelsOpen sourceMultimodal

Phi-3.5 is Microsoft's August 2024 update to its small Phi models, released in three versions — mini, vision and the line's first mixture-of-experts model — under the MIT licence.

Large language modelsOpen sourceMultimodal

A small, low-cost language model OpenAI released on 18 July 2024, priced far below GPT-4o and reported at 82% on MMLU; it replaced GPT-3.5 Turbo in ChatGPT on launch day.

Large language modelsConsumer appsMultimodal

SenseTime's July 2024 model family, unveiled at WAIC, adding a real-time multimodal model, lightweight and edge versions, and migration incentives aimed at OpenAI customers.

Large language modelsChinaEnterprise

Runway's 2024 video generation model, trained jointly on video and images, with finer temporal control such as keyframing; later extended with an API, video-to-video and Act-One performance capture.

MultimodalGenerative modelsCreative tools

OpenVLA is a 7-billion-parameter open-source vision-language-action model trained on 970,000 real robot demonstrations, released with checkpoints and code so that other groups can fine-tune and run it on their own robots.

Open sourceFoundation modelsMultimodal

Gemini 1.5 Flash is a lightweight, fast model in Google's Gemini 1.5 family, announced on 14 May 2024 and trained by distillation from 1.5 Pro, with a 1-million-token context window.

Large language modelsMultimodalDeveloper tools

Veo is a generative video model from Google DeepMind, announced at Google I/O on 14 May 2024. Google described it as its most capable video model, able to produce 1080p clips longer than a minute and later succeeded by Veo 2.

MultimodalGenerative modelsCreative tools

SenseNova 5.0 is SenseTime's large language model released in April 2024, built on a mixture-of-experts architecture with a roughly 200K-token context window, which the company positioned as matching or surpassing GPT-4 Turbo.

Large language modelsChinaEnterprise

Phi-3 is Microsoft's family of small language models, launched in April 2024 with Phi-3-mini, a 3.8-billion-parameter model small enough to run on a phone.

Large language modelsOpen sourceConsumer apps

Grok-1.5 is xAI's upgrade to Grok-1, with better reasoning and a 128,000-token context window. Its companion Grok-1.5V was xAI's first multimodal model. Neither model's weights were released publicly.

Large language modelsMultimodalReasoning

Step-1V is a roughly 100-billion-parameter multimodal model from StepFun, unveiled in March 2024, that reads text, data and charts in images and supports video understanding; it ranked first on OpenCompass at launch and was succeeded by Step-1.5V.

Large language modelsChinaMultimodal

Claude 3 Haiku is the smallest and fastest model in Anthropic's Claude 3 family, announced in March 2024 with low per-token pricing, a 200K-token context window and image input; retired in April 2026.

Large language modelsEnterpriseMultimodal

Claude 3 Sonnet was the middle model of Anthropic's Claude 3 family, announced on 4 March 2024. It powered the free tier of claude.ai, offered a 200K-token context window, and was retired on 21 July 2025.

Large language modelsEnterpriseConsumer apps

Claude 3 Opus, announced on 4 March 2024, was the most capable model in the Claude 3 family. It added vision and launched with a 200K-token context window and a Needle In A Haystack recall above 99%.

Large language modelsEnterpriseMultimodal

SenseNova 4.0, announced on 8 February 2024, upgraded SenseTime's model family with 4K, 32K and 128K context versions, specialised models and a first multimodal tool-calling API.

Large language modelsChinaEnterprise

Yi-VL-34B and Yi-VL-6B are open vision-language models from 01.AI, released on 23 January 2024. They read images and text together and ranked first among open models on the MMMU and CMMMU benchmarks.

Open sourceChinaMultimodal

Stable Video Diffusion is Stability AI's image-to-video model, released on 21 November 2023 as a research preview that turns a single still image into a clip of a few seconds.

Open sourceMultimodalGenerative models

GPT-4 Turbo is a cheaper, more capable version of OpenAI's GPT-4, announced on 6 November 2023 with a 128,000-token context window and lower API prices.

Large language modelsEnterpriseMultimodal

Fuyu-8B is a decoder-only multimodal model that Adept open-sourced in October 2023; it drops the image encoder, accepts arbitrary resolutions, and reads screens and charts.

Open sourceAgents & tool useMultimodal

GPT-4V is a version of GPT-4 that accepts image input alongside text, documented in OpenAI's system card of 25 September 2023 and released to developers through preview API models; image understanding later became native in GPT-4o.

Large language modelsMultimodalSafety & governance

Qwen-VL is a family of vision-language models released in August 2023 that builds on the Qwen language model to caption images, answer questions about them, locate objects and read text, with open Base and Chat versions.

Open sourceChinaMultimodal

RT-2 is a vision-language-action model from Google DeepMind, announced on 28 July 2023, that turns images and text instructions into robot actions written as text tokens. In over 6,000 trials it reached 62% on unseen scenarios, up from 32% for RT-1.

MultimodalRoboticsComputer vision

SenseNova is SenseTime's family of foundation models, unveiled on 10 April 2023 with a chatbot, an image generator and an avatar video generator, first offered to government and corporate clients rather than the public.

Large language modelsChinaEnterprise

Runway Gen-2 is a multimodal video generation system announced in March 2023 that turns text, images or video clips into new video, and was among the first commercially available text-to-video models.

MultimodalGenerative modelsCreative tools

Runway Gen-1 is a video-to-video diffusion model released in February 2023 that restyles existing footage from text or image prompts while keeping the source video's structure. It was among the first commercially available video-generation models.

MultimodalGenerative modelsCreative tools

RT-1 is a transformer-based model for real-world robot control, trained on over 130,000 episodes collected with 13 robots and reported to perform more than 700 language instructions at a 97% success rate.

Research historyFoundation modelsMultimodal

Gato is a generalist agent from DeepMind, announced on 12 May 2022. A single network with one set of weights handles text, images, Atari games and robot control, aiming at multi-task, multi-embodiment learning.

Research historyAgents & tool useMultimodal

Flamingo is a DeepMind visual language model announced in April 2022. It takes prompts that mix images, videos and text and replies in language, learning new tasks from only a few examples.

Large language modelsResearch historyMultimodal

An image-text model from OpenAI that learns to match pictures with their captions. Trained on about 400 million image-caption pairs, it can classify images by comparing them against written prompts, with no task-specific training.

Open sourceFoundation modelsMultimodal