Models

Nemotron 3.5 Transcribe is Nvidia's free, open-weight speech transcription model, released on 28 October 2026. It handles recordings up to an hour long, transcribes up to 40 languages and can separate up to eight speakers.

Open sourceMultimodalHardware & compute

OpenAI's late-2026 model family: Sol, released at DevDay on 29 September 2026, and the faster, cheaper Terra on 26 October 2026. A planned Astra version was withheld over safety concerns.

Large language modelsAgents & tool useSafety & governance

Claude Fable 5.1, released on 1 September 2026, keeps the $10 and $50 per million token price of Fable 5, with cache reads 75% cheaper. Its sibling Claude Mythos 5.1 is limited to trusted-access programmes.

Large language modelsAgents & tool useSafety & governance

Claude Opus 5, released on 24 July 2026 at $5 and $25 per million tokens, is Anthropic's most aligned model to date and its most capable generally available model for scientific research.

Large language modelsAgents & tool useSafety & governance

The fastest model in Google's Gemini 3.5 series, released in July 2026 for high-throughput agentic work, and slated to replace gemini-3.1-flash-lite and take over traffic from gemini-2.5-flash.

Large language modelsEnterpriseDeveloper tools

Grok 4.5 is an xAI model built for coding, agentic and knowledge work, announced on 16 July 2026. It was trained with Cursor on tens of thousands of NVIDIA GB300 GPUs and shipped as the default model in the Grok Build coding tool.

Large language modelsAgents & tool useDeveloper tools

Claude Fable 5 is Anthropic's Mythos-class model for general use, released on 9 June 2026. Its sibling Claude Mythos 5 is the same model with some safeguards lifted for vetted users.

Large language modelsAgents & tool useSafety & governance

Gemma 4 is Google's fourth generation of open-weight models, released in April 2026 and built on the same research and technology as Gemini 3, ranging from phone-sized E2B and E4B to a 26B mixture-of-experts and a 31B dense model.

Large language modelsOpen sourceMultimodal

Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite is a low-cost, low-latency multimodal model in Google's Gemini 3 family, released in preview in March 2026 and generally available from May 2026 for high-frequency, lightweight tasks.

Large language modelsEnterpriseDeveloper tools

A large language model released by iFlytek on 11 February 2026, trained entirely on domestic computing power and aimed at practical use in education, healthcare, automotive and agents.

Large language modelsChinaEnterprise

Devstral 2 is Mistral AI's 123B-parameter agentic coding model, released in December 2025 alongside the Mistral Vibe CLI and scoring 72.2% on SWE-bench Verified. It was deprecated in May 2026 and retired that July, replaced by Mistral Medium 3.5.

Open sourceAgents & tool useDeveloper tools

Gemini 3 Deep Think is Google's enhanced reasoning mode for Gemini 3, announced with Gemini 3 Pro on 18 November 2025 and released to Google AI Ultra subscribers on 3 December 2025, with an upgraded version following in February 2026.

Large language modelsReasoningScience

Three small dense models from Mistral AI — 3B, 8B and 14B — released in December 2025 under Apache 2.0, each in base, instruct and reasoning variants with image understanding.

Large language modelsOpen sourceMultimodal

DeepSeekMath-V2, released on 27 November 2025, is a mathematical reasoning model trained to verify its own proofs. DeepSeek reported gold-level scores on IMO 2025 and CMO 2024 problems, and 118 of 120 on Putnam 2024.

Open sourceChinaReasoning

iFlytek's Spark X1.5 is a deep reasoning model released in November 2025 that runs on a domestic computing platform built with Huawei, using a 293-billion-parameter mixture-of-experts design.

Large language modelsChinaReasoning

An experimental DeepSeek model released on 29 September 2025 that introduced DeepSeek Sparse Attention to make long-context training and inference cheaper, shipped with open weights and an immediate API price cut.

Large language modelsOpen sourceChina

GLM-4.6 is an open-weights large language model released by Zhipu in late September 2025, with a 200K-token context window, about 357 billion parameters and an MIT licence, aimed at coding, reasoning and agent work.

Large language modelsOpen sourceChina

A fast reasoning model from xAI for agentic coding, released in August 2025 with low per-token pricing, a 70.8% score on SWE-bench Verified, and integrations with GitHub Copilot, Cursor, Cline and other coding tools.

Agents & tool useReasoningDeveloper tools

An enhanced reasoning mode for Gemini 2.5 Pro that weighs multiple hypotheses in parallel before answering, announced experimentally in 2025 and known for reaching gold-medal standard at the International Mathematical Olympiad.

Large language modelsReasoningScience

Step 3 is StepFun's open multimodal reasoning model, with 321 billion total parameters and 38 billion active per token. It was released in July 2025 and uses Apache 2.0.

Open sourceChinaMultimodal

Qwen3-Coder is an open-weight family of coding models from the Qwen team; its flagship 480B-parameter model, announced in July 2025, was built and trained specifically for agentic coding tasks.

Open sourceChinaAgents & tool use

Gemini 2.5 Flash-Lite is the lowest-cost model in Google's Gemini 2.5 family, built for high-throughput work such as classification and summarisation, with thinking off by default and a controllable thinking budget.

Large language modelsEnterpriseDeveloper tools

OpenAI o3-pro is a version of the o3 model released on 10 June 2025, which OpenAI described as its most capable model at the time and recommended for hard questions where reliability matters more than speed.

Large language modelsReasoningScience

Apple Foundation Models (2025) are the second generation of Apple's models. They add image understanding and a mixture-of-experts server design, and they open an on-device model to developers through the Foundation Models framework.

Large language modelsFoundation modelsMultimodal

Aurora is a foundation model for the Earth system, trained on more than a million hours of geophysical data. It outperforms operational forecasts for weather, air quality, ocean waves and tropical cyclone tracks at far lower computational cost.

Deep learningFoundation modelsScience

Devstral is Mistral AI's family of open-weight models for agentic coding, first released in May 2025 with All Hands AI; the first version scored 46.8% on SWE-Bench Verified and could run on a single consumer GPU.

Open sourceAgents & tool useDeveloper tools

AlphaEvolve is a Google DeepMind coding agent announced on 14 May 2025 that pairs Gemini models with automated evaluators to evolve algorithms, yielding a Borg scheduling heuristic, faster kernels and new mathematical results.

Agents & tool useReasoningScience

DeepSeek's open-source model for formal theorem proving in Lean 4, trained with a subgoal-decomposition pipeline; it reached an 88.9% pass ratio on MiniF2F-test and introduced the ProverBench benchmark.

Open sourceChinaReasoning

A model in Google's Gemini 2.5 family, released in preview in April 2025 and generally available that June. Google called it its first fully hybrid reasoning model, letting developers turn thinking on or off with a token budget.

Large language modelsConsumer appsReasoning

OpenAI's April 2025 family of three API models — GPT-4.1, GPT-4.1 mini and GPT-4.1 nano — offering a context window of over a million tokens, low prices per token and stronger coding scores. It was succeeded by GPT-5.

Large language modelsEnterpriseDeveloper tools

Gemma 3 is Google's third generation of open Gemma models, released on 12 March 2025 in 1B to 27B sizes, with a 128,000-token context window, image input on the larger variants, and support for more than 140 languages at the pretrained level.

Large language modelsOpen sourceMultimodal

iFlytek Spark X1 is a Chinese deep-reasoning model released in January 2025 and trained entirely on domestic computing hardware, with later upgrades benchmarked against OpenAI's reasoning models.

Large language modelsChinaReasoning

Gemini 2.0 Flash is the first model of Google's Gemini 2.0 generation, released as an experimental model in December 2024 with multimodal output and native tool calling, and made generally available in February 2025.

Large language modelsAgents & tool useMultimodal

A version of OpenAI's o1 that spends more compute before answering, launched on 5 December 2024 inside the $200-a-month ChatGPT Pro plan and added to the API on 19 March 2025.

Large language modelsConsumer appsReasoning

Ministral 3B and Ministral 8B are two small Mistral AI language models released on 16 October 2024 for on-device and edge use, offering long context, low API prices and, for the 3B, performance Mistral claimed beat its earlier 7B model.

Large language modelsEnterpriseHardware & compute

Yi-Coder is a family of open-source code models from 01.AI, released in September 2024 in 1.5B and 9B sizes, each with base and chat versions, covering 52 programming languages with context up to 128K tokens.

Large language modelsOpen sourceChina

AlphaProof is a Google DeepMind reinforcement-learning system that proves mathematical statements in the formal language Lean. At the 2024 International Mathematical Olympiad it solved three problems, and together with AlphaGeometry 2 reached silver-medal level.

ReasoningScienceSymbolic AI

A small, low-cost language model OpenAI released on 18 July 2024, priced far below GPT-4o and reported at 82% on MMLU; it replaced GPT-3.5 Turbo in ChatGPT on launch day.

Large language modelsConsumer appsMultimodal

Mistral NeMo is a 12-billion-parameter language model released by Mistral AI with NVIDIA in July 2024, notable for a 128K-token context window, a new multilingual tokenizer called Tekken, and an Apache 2.0 release.

Large language modelsOpen sourceHardware & compute

A 7-billion-parameter model released by Mistral AI on 16 July 2024 for mathematical and STEM reasoning, built on Mistral 7B, openly licensed, and now listed as deprecated.

Open sourceReasoningScience

Codestral Mamba is a 7B open code model from Mistral AI, released in July 2024, that swaps the Transformer for the Mamba state-space architecture to get linear-time inference.

Open sourceDeveloper toolsCode

Google's second-generation Gemma open models, announced on 27 June 2024 in 9-billion and 27-billion-parameter sizes, using grouped-query attention, an 8,192-token context window and a license permitting commercial use.

Large language modelsOpen sourceDeveloper tools

iFlytek's large language model released on 27 June 2024 and trained entirely on a domestic platform co-built with Huawei; iFlytek presented it as reaching GPT-4 level while acknowledging weaker coding and multimodal abilities.

Large language modelsChinaFoundation models

ESM3 is a protein generative model announced by EvolutionaryScale in June 2024 that reasons over sequence, structure and function together, and generated a fluorescent protein estimated to sit over 500 million years of evolution away from known ones.

Open sourceFoundation modelsGenerative models

Codestral is Mistral AI's family of code models, first released in May 2024 as an open-weight 22B-parameter model with a 32K context window, followed by faster and longer-context versions aimed at IDE code completion.

Large language modelsDeveloper toolsCode

Gemini 1.5 Flash is a lightweight, fast model in Google's Gemini 1.5 family, announced on 14 May 2024 and trained by distillation from 1.5 Pro, with a 1-million-token context window.

Large language modelsMultimodalDeveloper tools

StarCoder2 is a family of open code models in 3B, 7B and 15B sizes, released in February 2024 by BigCode (Hugging Face and ServiceNow) with NVIDIA and trained on The Stack v2, published together with its dataset and training code.

Large language modelsOpen sourceData & datasets

Qwen1.5 is the Qwen family's open model release of February 2024, with base and chat models from 0.5B to 72B parameters, later extended to 110B, and a mixture-of-experts model.

Large language modelsOpen sourceChina

DeepSeekMath is a 7B-parameter open language model built for mathematical reasoning and released in 2024. It reached 51.7% on the competition-level MATH benchmark without external tools, and introduced GRPO, a reinforcement-learning algorithm that uses less memory than PPO.

Large language modelsOpen sourceChina

Spark V3.5 is a large language model that iFlytek released on 30 January 2024. It was the first Spark model trained entirely on the domestic FlyingStar One computing platform, and iFlytek compared it with GPT-4 Turbo.

Large language modelsChinaFoundation models

AlphaGeometry is a Google DeepMind system that pairs a neural language model with a symbolic deduction engine to solve olympiad geometry problems, reaching near gold-medal level on a benchmark of 30 problems.

Open sourceReasoningScience

FunSearch is a method that uses a pretrained large language model inside an evolutionary loop to search for programs that solve mathematical and computational problems, rather than for answers directly. It produced new results on the cap set problem and on online bin packing.

Deep learningReasoningScience