Science Products

DENDRAL was a Stanford artificial intelligence project begun in 1964 that identified unknown organic molecules from mass spectra using chemical knowledge. It is widely described as the first expert system and the ancestor of later systems such as MYCIN and PROSPECTOR.

A two-volume MIT Press work by Rumelhart, McClelland and the PDP Research Group, published in 1986, that set out the parallel distributed processing framework — networks of simple units with hidden layers and sigmoid activation — and became a landmark of connectionism.

A free online version of Stanford's artificial intelligence course, taught by Sebastian Thrun and Peter Norvig, which started on October 10, 2011 and drew 160,000 students from over 190 countries.

ImageNet is a large, hierarchical image database built on the WordNet conceptual model and released at Princeton University in 2009. It holds more than 14 million images in 21,841 categories, with bounding-box annotations, and a 1,000-class subset used by the ILSVRC challenge.

NETtalk is an artificial neural network built by Terrence Sejnowski and Charles Rosenberg that learns to convert written English into phonemes and audible speech, showing that a network trained on examples can generalize to unseen words.

PC Therapist was Joseph Weintraub's conversational program; a modified version won the first annual Loebner Prize Competition in 1991, fooling five of 10 judges into thinking it was human.

C4.5 is a machine learning system that builds decision trees or if-then rules from cases with known classes. J. Ross Quinlan's 1993 book documents its C/UNIX implementation, source code, and use.

NASA's Mars Pathfinder lander touched down on July 4, 1997, deployed the small Sojourner rover, used an airbag landing system for the first time, and returned thousands of images of the Martian surface.

Chinook is a checkers-playing computer program built by Jonathan Schaeffer and colleagues [^1]. It became the first computer program to win a human world championship in any game, and its completed form cannot be beaten [^1].

Epoch AI's Benchmarking Hub collects benchmark results for leading AI models, including Epoch-run evaluations, and combines many scores into the Epoch Capabilities Index, a single general capability scale.

The UCI Letter Recognition dataset is an archive of 20,000 distorted capital-letter images, each reduced to 16 integer attributes, used to benchmark classification algorithms on a 26-class recognition task.