Biomedicine

Isomorphic Labs is an AI drug discovery company launched out of DeepMind and dated to 2021, building the IsoDDE platform and working with Novartis, Eli Lilly and Johnson & Johnson.

The Nature paper described AlphaFold's methods, system design, and evaluation for protein-structure prediction.

RoseTTAFold is a three-track neural network for protein structure prediction, published by the Baker lab in 2021; its accuracy approached AlphaFold2's at CASP14, it models protein–protein complexes from sequence alone, and it is distributed as open code with a public web server.

AlphaFold 3 is a structure-prediction model from Google DeepMind and Isomorphic Labs, announced on 8 May 2024. It predicts the structures and interactions of proteins, DNA, RNA, ligands and chemical modifications, extending structure prediction beyond proteins alone.[^1]

AlphaFold 3, published in Nature in May 2024, extends structure prediction to biomolecular interactions, reporting greater accuracy than docking tools for protein–ligand binding and than AlphaFold-Multimer v.2.3 for antibody–antigen complexes.

ESM3 is a protein generative model announced by EvolutionaryScale in June 2024 that reasons over sequence, structure and function together, and generated a fluorescent protein estimated to sit over 500 million years of evolution away from known ones.

MYCIN was an early expert system built at Stanford in the 1970s to identify bacteria causing severe infections and recommend antibiotic treatment, notable for separating its rule base from its inference engine and for explaining its own reasoning.

Protein scientist at the University of Washington in Seattle, known for computational protein design: he designed a protein unlike any in nature in 2003 and received one half of the 2024 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.

German computer scientist who co-developed the long short-term memory (LSTM) network, a recurrent neural network design for learning from sequences such as text and speech. He led the xLSTM work in 2024.

Demis Hassabis is a British AI researcher and entrepreneur who co-founded DeepMind and was the last author of the 2016 AlphaGo paper. He shared the 2024 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for work on predicting protein structures.

American scientist (born 1985) who worked on AlphaFold at Google DeepMind and shared half of the 2024 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Demis Hassabis for protein structure prediction.

An independent, non-profit research institute in Cambridge, Massachusetts, founded in 2004 with support from Eli and Edythe Broad, working to understand the roots of disease and turn biological insights into impact for patients.

A research institute at the University of Washington, founded in 2012 and led by David Baker, that designs new proteins for medicine and technology; its labs produced RoseTTAFold and, it says, the first computationally designed vaccine.

Recursion is a drug discovery company that pairs automated laboratory experiments with computation; its Recursion OS platform spans target identification to clinical trial enrolment. It listed on Nasdaq in 2021 and combined with Exscientia in 2024.

Insilico Medicine is a drug discovery company founded in the United States in 2014 that pairs an AI software platform, Pharma.AI, with its own pipeline of drug programmes and automated laboratory work.

Fourier is a Shanghai robotics company founded in 2015 by Gu Jie. It began with rehabilitation robots and exoskeletons, then released the GR-1, GR-2 and GR-3 full-size humanoid robots in 2023, 2024 and 2025.

A convolutional network for biomedical image segmentation, posted to arXiv on May 18, 2015, that trains end to end from very few annotated images and won the ISBI cell tracking challenge 2015 in its categories.

DeepMind's first protein-structure prediction system, which placed first overall in the 2018 CASP13 blind assessment by estimating probability distributions of distances between residues.

Shenmai FFR is a software package that applies deep learning to CT coronary angiograms to estimate coronary flow reserve, helping clinicians judge whether a narrowing will cause myocardial ischaemia. It holds medical device approvals in China, the EU and the US.

AlphaFold2 is DeepMind's protein structure prediction system, announced in 2020. It reached accuracy competitive with experimental methods in many cases, and work in this area received half of the 2024 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.

Baichuan Intelligence (百川智能) is a Beijing AI company founded in April 2023 by Wang Xiaochuan. It released open-source language models from 2023 and later focused on applying AI to healthcare.

A public benefit AI company that introduced itself alongside its ESM3 model in June 2024 and whose team joined Biohub in November 2025.

GR-3 is the third-generation robot in Fourier's GRx series and the company's first medical and elderly-care robot built around interactive companionship. It was shown at WAIC 2025 and launched in Beijing on 6 August 2025.

Jakob Uszkoreit is one of the eight authors of “Attention Is All You Need” and the founder of Inceptive, a company using AI to design biological molecules.[^1][^4]

HHMI is a private biomedical research institution founded in 1953 that funds scientists at all career stages and runs the Janelia Research Campus.

Chinese computer scientist and entrepreneur who built Sogou Search and the Sogou input method, led Sogou as CEO through its New York listing, and later founded the AI company Baichuan.

Chinese medical-AI company founded in 2016 that focuses on AI for diagnosing and treating coronary heart disease, and says it holds China's first class III AI medical device certificate.

A pair of medical question-answering language models described in arXiv papers of 26 December 2022 and 16 May 2023; the first introduced the MultiMedQA benchmark, and Med-PaLM 2 reached up to 86.5% on MedQA.

Baichuan 3 is a closed language model with more than one hundred billion parameters, released by Baichuan on 29 January 2024. The company reported that it matched or beat GPT-4 on several Chinese benchmarks and on Chinese medical tasks.

Baichuan-M1 is Baichuan's medical model line, released on 24 January 2025 with Baichuan-M1-preview and the open Baichuan-M1-14B, which Baichuan described as trained from scratch for medicine.

Baichuan-M2 is an open-source medical-enhanced model with 32 billion parameters, built on Qwen2.5-32B and released under Apache 2.0 for research and reference.

Baichuan-M3 is a new-generation open-source medical-enhanced language model with 235 billion parameters, built on Qwen3-235B-A22B and released under Apache 2.0 in January 2026.

An AI drug-discovery company with sites in London and Oxford that focused on computational molecule design; in November 2024 it became a wholly-owned subsidiary of Recursion, with a combined pipeline of more than 10 clinical and preclinical programmes.