Models

Gemini 3 Deep Think is Google's enhanced reasoning mode for Gemini 3, announced with Gemini 3 Pro on 18 November 2025 and released to Google AI Ultra subscribers on 3 December 2025, with an upgraded version following in February 2026.

Large language modelsReasoningScience

Amazon Nova 2 is the second generation of Amazon's Nova models, released at AWS re:Invent in December 2025. Its first member, Nova 2 Lite, is a fast reasoning model available in Amazon Bedrock with a 1-million-token context.

Large language modelsAgents & tool useMultimodal

MiniMax-M2.1 is an open-weight language model released in December 2025 as the successor to M2, aimed at software engineering and multilingual coding, with a 229B-parameter checkpoint and large reported gains on coding benchmarks.

Open sourceChinaAgents & tool use

GLM-4.7 is Zhipu's open-weights language model released in December 2025, aimed at multilingual agentic coding and terminal tasks. It reports clear gains over GLM-4.6 on software-engineering benchmarks and ships under the MIT license.

Open sourceChinaAgents & tool use

DeepSeekMath-V2, released on 27 November 2025, is a mathematical reasoning model trained to verify its own proofs. DeepSeek reported gold-level scores on IMO 2025 and CMO 2024 problems, and 118 of 120 on Putnam 2024.

Open sourceChinaReasoning

Claude Opus 4.5, released on 24 November 2025, cost a third as much as Opus 4.1 per token and introduced an effort parameter that lets developers trade capability for time and cost. Claude Opus 4.6 succeeded it.

Large language modelsAgents & tool useReasoning

Nano Banana Pro (Gemini 3 Pro Image) is Google's image generation and editing model built on Gemini 3 Pro, announced on 20 November 2025. It renders legible text, pulls live information from Search, and outputs up to 4K.

EnterpriseGenerative modelsCreative tools

An agentic coding model in OpenAI's GPT-5.1 family, released in November 2025. It was the first OpenAI model trained to work across multiple context windows and in Windows environments, and served as the default model in Codex until its retirement in 2026.

Large language modelsAgents & tool useCode

Claude Haiku 4.5, released on 15 October 2025 and available to all users, offered coding performance close to Sonnet 4 at one-third of the cost and more than twice the speed.

Large language modelsEnterpriseAgents & tool use

MiniMax-M2 is an open-weights mixture-of-experts language model released by MiniMax in October 2025, with 230B total and 10B active parameters, aimed at coding and agentic workflows.

Open sourceChinaAgents & tool use

Claude Sonnet 4.5, released on 29 September 2025, was a drop-in replacement for Sonnet 4 at the same price. Anthropic reported that it could stay focused on complex tasks for more than 30 hours.

Large language modelsAgents & tool useSafety & governance

An OpenAI model released in September 2025 that adapted GPT-5 for agentic coding, served as the default model in Codex, and was shut down in July 2026.

Large language modelsAgents & tool useCode

A 1.7-billion-parameter reasoning model released by Writer in September 2025, fine-tuned from Nvidia's OpenReasoning-Nemotron-1.5B, with strong competition-mathematics scores and an Apache 2.0 licence.

Large language modelsOpen sourceEnterprise

A 1.7-billion-parameter English model from Writer, fine-tuned from Qwen2.5-1.5B and released under Apache 2.0 with a 131,072-token context window, presented around grade-school mathematics.

Large language modelsOpen sourceEnterprise

GLM-4.6 is an open-weights large language model released by Zhipu in late September 2025, with a 200K-token context window, about 357 billion parameters and an MIT licence, aimed at coding, reasoning and agent work.

Large language modelsOpen sourceChina

Qwen3-Max is Alibaba's proprietary trillion-parameter language model, released in September 2025 and served through Alibaba's API. It is the Max-tier flagship that followed Qwen2.5-Max.

Large language modelsChinaFoundation models

A fast reasoning model from xAI for agentic coding, released in August 2025 with low per-token pricing, a 70.8% score on SWE-bench Verified, and integrations with GitHub Copilot, Cursor, Cline and other coding tools.

Agents & tool useReasoningDeveloper tools

Cohere's first reasoning model, announced in August 2025: a 111-billion-parameter hybrid model that can switch its thinking on or off, built for agentic tasks and tool use, with open non-commercial weights.

Large language modelsEnterpriseAgents & tool use

Claude Opus 4.1, released on 5 August 2025, upgraded Claude Opus 4 for agentic tasks, real-world coding and reasoning, at the same price. Anthropic later succeeded it with Claude Opus 4.5.

Large language modelsAgents & tool useReasoning

An enhanced reasoning mode for Gemini 2.5 Pro that weighs multiple hypotheses in parallel before answering, announced experimentally in 2025 and known for reaching gold-medal standard at the International Mathematical Olympiad.

Large language modelsReasoningScience

Command A Vision is Cohere's first vision-language model in the Command family, released in July 2025. It pairs a 112-billion-parameter Command A language model with a SigLIP2 image encoder to read images, charts and documents and answer in text.

Large language modelsEnterpriseMultimodal

Qwen3-Coder is an open-weight family of coding models from the Qwen team; its flagship 480B-parameter model, announced in July 2025, was built and trained specifically for agentic coding tasks.

Open sourceChinaAgents & tool use

Skild Brain is Skild AI's general-purpose foundation model for robots, trained in a universe of 100,000 different machines and meant to be fitted to existing hardware rather than built for one task.

EnterpriseDeep learningFoundation models

Jamba 1.7 is a July 2025 update to the Jamba family, with Large and Mini versions offering 256k-token context, nine languages, and improved grounding and steerability.

Large language modelsOpen sourceEnterprise

Gemini 2.5 Flash-Lite is the lowest-cost model in Google's Gemini 2.5 family, built for high-throughput work such as classification and summarisation, with thinking off by default and a controllable thinking budget.

Large language modelsEnterpriseDeveloper tools

ByteDance Seed's general-purpose model series, announced on 11 June 2025 as Doubao Large Model 1.6, combining multimodal input, a 256K context window and a mode that decides per prompt whether to reason before answering.

Large language modelsChinaEnterprise

OpenAI o3-pro is a version of the o3 model released on 10 June 2025, which OpenAI described as its most capable model at the time and recommended for hard questions where reliability matters more than speed.

Large language modelsReasoningScience

Claude Opus 4 and Claude Sonnet 4, announced on 22 May 2025, were hybrid models with extended thinking. Anthropic called Opus 4 the best coding model in the world, and Claude Code became generally available the same day.

Large language modelsAgents & tool useReasoning

Aurora is a foundation model for the Earth system, trained on more than a million hours of geophysical data. It outperforms operational forecasts for weather, air quality, ocean waves and tropical cyclone tracks at far lower computational cost.

Deep learningFoundation modelsScience

Devstral is Mistral AI's family of open-weight models for agentic coding, first released in May 2025 with All Hands AI; the first version scored 46.8% on SWE-Bench Verified and could run on a single consumer GPU.

Open sourceAgents & tool useDeveloper tools

AlphaEvolve is a Google DeepMind coding agent announced on 14 May 2025 that pairs Gemini models with automated evaluators to evolve algorithms, yielding a Borg scheduling heuristic, faster kernels and new mathematical results.

Agents & tool useReasoningScience

Seed-Coder is a family of open code models released by ByteDance Seed in May 2025, with 8B-parameter Base, Instruct and Reasoning variants trained on data filtered by language models rather than hand-written rules.

Large language modelsOpen sourceChina

Mistral Medium 3 is a proprietary model released by Mistral AI on 7 May 2025, marketed as a mid-sized system that nears larger competitors at a much lower price and can be self-hosted on four GPUs.

Large language modelsEnterpriseCode

DeepSeek's open-source model for formal theorem proving in Lean 4, trained with a subgoal-decomposition pipeline; it reached an 88.9% pass ratio on MiniF2F-test and introduced the ProverBench benchmark.

Open sourceChinaReasoning

Amazon Nova Premier is the most capable model of the first Nova generation, available in Amazon Bedrock from 30 April 2025. It handles text, images and video with a 1-million-token context window, and also serves as a teacher model for smaller Nova models.

Large language modelsEnterpriseMultimodal

A small reasoning model released by OpenAI in April 2025 alongside o3, built for fast, low-cost reasoning; with a Python interpreter it reached 99.5% pass@1 on AIME 2025, and it was later succeeded by GPT-5 mini.

Large language modelsReasoningCode

OpenAI's April 2025 family of three API models — GPT-4.1, GPT-4.1 mini and GPT-4.1 nano — offering a context window of over a million tokens, low prices per token and stronger coding scores. It was succeeded by GPT-5.

Large language modelsEnterpriseDeveloper tools

A speech-to-speech foundation model in Amazon's Nova family, announced on 8 April 2025, which handles recognition, understanding and speech generation in a single model rather than a chain of separate ones.

Agents & tool useMultimodalGenerative models

xLAM-2 is Salesforce's family of large action models, from 1 billion to 70 billion parameters, trained on simulated agent–human data and tuned for multi-turn tool use rather than single-call function calling.

Large language modelsOpen sourceEnterprise

DeepSeek-V3-0324 is a March 2025 update to DeepSeek-V3 that keeps the same model structure while raising benchmark scores and moving to the MIT License.

Large language modelsOpen sourceChina

Hunyuan-T1 is Tencent's deep-reasoning model, officially released on 21 March 2025 and built on the Hunyuan-TurboS base. Tencent did not release its weights.

Large language modelsChinaReasoning

Llama Nemotron is NVIDIA's family of open reasoning models in Nano, Super and Ultra sizes, launched in March 2025 and built on Meta's Llama 3 models.

Large language modelsOpen sourceEnterprise

Command A is Cohere's 111-billion-parameter model, released in March 2025 with a 256k-token context window. Cohere said it runs on two GPUs and delivers 150% higher throughput than Command R+ 08-2024.

Large language modelsEnterpriseAgents & tool use

Mistral OCR is a document-understanding API released by Mistral AI on 6 March 2025 that reads text, tables, equations and embedded media across thousands of scripts and languages, and was later superseded by newer OCR versions.

EnterpriseData & datasetsComputer vision

AI21 Labs' March 2025 hybrid SSM-Transformer instruction-following models, released as Jamba Large 1.6 and Jamba Mini 1.6 with 256k-token context, gated open weights and benchmarks AI21 compared against Mistral Large 2, Llama 3.3 70B and Command R+.

Large language modelsOpen sourceEnterprise

Hunyuan Turbo S is a fast-thinking model released by Tencent on 27 February 2025, built on a hybrid Mamba-Transformer design with 560 billion total parameters. Its weights were not released.

Large language modelsChinaFoundation models

Claude 3.7 Sonnet, released on 24 February 2025, was described by Anthropic as the first hybrid reasoning model on the market, able to answer quickly or think step by step at length. It launched with Claude Code.

Large language modelsAgents & tool useReasoning

An experimental Google model released in February 2025 as part of the Gemini 2.0 family, described by Google as its best yet for coding and complex prompts, with a 2-million-token context window and tool use.

Large language modelsMultimodalCode

OpenAI's small reasoning model released on 31 January 2025, offered to all ChatGPT users including the free tier, with three reasoning-effort levels and developer features such as function calling and Structured Outputs; succeeded by o4-mini in April 2025.

Large language modelsConsumer appsReasoning

Qwen2.5-Max is Alibaba's large mixture-of-experts model, announced in January 2025. It was offered through Qwen Chat and the Alibaba Cloud API, and its weights were not released.

Large language modelsChinaFoundation models

A version of OpenAI's o1 that spends more compute before answering, launched on 5 December 2024 inside the $200-a-month ChatGPT Pro plan and added to the API on 19 March 2025.

Large language modelsConsumer appsReasoning

Amazon Nova is Amazon's family of foundation models, introduced on 3 December 2024 and offered exclusively in Amazon Bedrock. It spans text understanding models from Micro to Pro, plus Canvas for images and Reel for video, and was succeeded by Nova 2 in December 2025.

Large language modelsEnterpriseMultimodal

Pixtral Large is Mistral AI's open-weight multimodal model announced on 18 November 2024, built on Mistral Large 2, combining a 123B-parameter decoder with a 1B vision encoder and a 128K-token context window. It was retired in May 2026.

EnterpriseMultimodalComputer vision

Anthropic's small, fast language model announced in October 2024 as the successor to Claude 3 Haiku, claimed to reach the intelligence of the previous flagship at Haiku-like speed and to be especially strong at coding.

Large language modelsEnterpriseCode

The upgraded Claude 3.5 Sonnet, announced on 22 October 2024, raised coding and agentic scores and introduced computer use in public beta, the first such offer from a frontier AI model.

Large language modelsEnterpriseAgents & tool use

Ministral 3B and Ministral 8B are two small Mistral AI language models released on 16 October 2024 for on-device and edge use, offering long context, low API prices and, for the 3B, performance Mistral claimed beat its earlier 7B model.

Large language modelsEnterpriseHardware & compute