Models

Janus-Pro is DeepSeek's January 2025 multimodal model that handles both image understanding and text-to-image generation in one system, released in 1B and 7B sizes as a stronger successor to Janus.

Open sourceChinaMultimodal

Kimi k1.5 is a multimodal reasoning model released by Moonshot AI on 20 January 2025, which the company said matched OpenAI's o1 in mathematics, coding and multimodal reasoning and which was trained with reinforcement learning rather than tree search or process reward models.

Large language modelsChinaMultimodal

iFlytek Spark X1 is a Chinese deep-reasoning model released in January 2025 and trained entirely on domestic computing hardware, with later upgrades benchmarked against OpenAI's reasoning models.

Large language modelsChinaReasoning

Phi-4 is Microsoft's 14-billion-parameter dense decoder-only language model, built with a data-quality-first recipe heavy on synthetic data and released with full weights under the MIT licence in January 2025.

Large language modelsOpen sourceReasoning

A version of OpenAI's o1 that spends more compute before answering, launched on 5 December 2024 inside the $200-a-month ChatGPT Pro plan and added to the API on 19 March 2025.

Large language modelsConsumer appsReasoning

QwQ-32B-Preview is an experimental reasoning research model released by the Qwen team on 28 November 2024, with 32B parameters, a 32K-token context and open Apache 2.0 weights. It scored strongly on maths benchmarks but the team documented clear failure modes.

Large language modelsOpen sourceChina

Tülu 3 is Ai2's open post-training recipe and model family, released in 8B and 70B sizes on top of Llama 3.1 and combining instruction tuning, preference tuning with on-policy data, and reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards.

Large language modelsOpen sourceReasoning

Anthropic's small, fast language model announced in October 2024 as the successor to Claude 3 Haiku, claimed to reach the intelligence of the previous flagship at Haiku-like speed and to be especially strong at coding.

Large language modelsEnterpriseCode

The upgraded Claude 3.5 Sonnet, announced on 22 October 2024, raised coding and agentic scores and introduced computer use in public beta, the first such offer from a frontier AI model.

Large language modelsEnterpriseAgents & tool use

A family of text-to-image models from Stability AI, announced in October 2024: the 8.1-billion-parameter Large, a 4-step Turbo variant and the 2.5-billion-parameter Medium, released under a community licence.

Open sourceGenerative modelsCreative tools

Movie Gen is a set of media foundation models Meta premiered on 4 October 2024. It covers video generation, personalised video, precise video editing and audio generation, and was not released publicly.

Foundation modelsGenerative modelsCreative tools

A closed text-to-image model from Black Forest Labs, released on 2 October 2024 and available only through an API. Black Forest Labs said it generates six times faster than its predecessor, and it reached the top of the Artificial Analysis image arena leaderboard.

Generative modelsCreative toolsImage generation

Qwen2.5 is the Qwen family's September 2024 generation. Its launch included 13 open-weight models, with up to 18 trillion pretraining tokens, 128K context and most models under Apache 2.0.

Large language modelsOpen sourceChina

o1-mini is a smaller, faster and cheaper reasoning model that OpenAI released on 12 September 2024 alongside o1-preview, trained with reinforcement learning to reason step by step and rated particularly effective at coding.

Large language modelsReasoningCode

DeepSeek-V2.5 is a model released on 5 September 2024 that merged DeepSeek's chat and code models into one, keeping both conversational and coding ability while improving safety scores.

Large language modelsOpen sourceChina

Yi-Coder is a family of open-source code models from 01.AI, released in September 2024 in 1.5B and 9B sizes, each with base and chat versions, covering 52 programming languages with context up to 128K tokens.

Large language modelsOpen sourceChina

xAI's Grok-2 and Grok-2 mini, released in August 2024 as a beta for X subscribers, added image input, posted competitive benchmark scores and later had their weights published.

Large language modelsOpen sourceMultimodal

FLUX.1 is a family of 12-billion-parameter text-to-image models released by Black Forest Labs on 1 August 2024 in pro, dev and schnell variants. The dev version is open-weight, and the variants carry different licenses.

Open sourceGenerative modelsCreative tools

AlphaProof is a Google DeepMind reinforcement-learning system that proves mathematical statements in the formal language Lean. At the 2024 International Mathematical Olympiad it solved three problems, and together with AlphaGeometry 2 reached silver-medal level.

ReasoningScienceSymbolic AI

Mistral AI's second-generation flagship model, released in July 2024 with 123 billion parameters, a 128K-token context window, wide language and code coverage, and weights published under a research license.

Large language modelsEnterpriseCode

A 7-billion-parameter model released by Mistral AI on 16 July 2024 for mathematical and STEM reasoning, built on Mistral 7B, openly licensed, and now listed as deprecated.

Open sourceReasoningScience

Codestral Mamba is a 7B open code model from Mistral AI, released in July 2024, that swaps the Transformer for the Mamba state-space architecture to get linear-time inference.

Open sourceDeveloper toolsCode

Kolors is Kuaishou's open-weight text-to-image model, released on 6 July 2024, built on latent diffusion and tuned for both Chinese and English prompts.

Open sourceChinaGenerative models

Claude 3.5 Sonnet, released on 20 June 2024, was the first model of the Claude 3.5 family. It ran twice as fast as Claude 3 Opus at the mid-tier price and powered the new Artifacts and Projects features.

Large language modelsEnterpriseConsumer apps

An open-source mixture-of-experts code model from DeepSeek, released in June 2024, that widened language coverage and context length over its predecessor and reported benchmark results above several closed models.

Large language modelsOpen sourceChina

Runway's 2024 video generation model, trained jointly on video and images, with finer temporal control such as keyframing; later extended with an API, video-to-video and Act-One performance capture.

MultimodalGenerative modelsCreative tools

Codestral is Mistral AI's family of code models, first released in May 2024 as an open-weight 22B-parameter model with a 32K context window, followed by faster and longer-context versions aimed at IDE code completion.

Large language modelsDeveloper toolsCode

Google's text-to-image model announced at I/O in May 2024, which Google described as its highest-quality image generator, with fewer visual artifacts and improved text rendering.

Generative modelsCreative toolsImage generation

Hunyuan-DiT is Tencent's open text-to-image diffusion transformer, built for fine-grained English and Chinese prompt understanding. Its 2024 report and weights were released publicly, and human evaluations placed it ahead of several open models but behind leading closed ones.

Open sourceChinaGenerative models

Snowflake's open-weight model with 480 billion total and 17 billion active parameters, built as a dense-MoE hybrid, released in April 2024 under Apache 2.0 and trained for under 2 million dollars.

Large language modelsOpen sourceEnterprise

Grok-1.5 is xAI's upgrade to Grok-1, with better reasoning and a 128,000-token context window. Its companion Grok-1.5V was xAI's first multimodal model. Neither model's weights were released publicly.

Large language modelsMultimodalReasoning

DBRX is Databricks' openly licensed large language model, a mixture-of-experts transformer with 132 billion total parameters and 36 billion active per token, announced on 27 March 2024.

Large language modelsOpen sourceEnterprise

Claude 3 Opus, announced on 4 March 2024, was the most capable model in the Claude 3 family. It added vision and launched with a 200K-token context window and a Needle In A Haystack recall above 99%.

Large language modelsEnterpriseMultimodal

StarCoder2 is a family of open code models in 3B, 7B and 15B sizes, released in February 2024 by BigCode (Hugging Face and ServiceNow) with NVIDIA and trained on The Stack v2, published together with its dataset and training code.

Large language modelsOpen sourceData & datasets

Stable Diffusion 3, announced by Stability AI on 22 February 2024, is a suite of 800 million to 8 billion parameter models that pairs a diffusion transformer with flow matching.

Open sourceGenerative modelsCreative tools

DeepSeekMath is a 7B-parameter open language model built for mathematical reasoning and released in 2024. It reached 51.7% on the competition-level MATH benchmark without external tools, and introduced GRPO, a reinforcement-learning algorithm that uses less memory than PPO.

Large language modelsOpen sourceChina

AlphaGeometry is a Google DeepMind system that pairs a neural language model with a symbolic deduction engine to solve olympiad geometry problems, reaching near gold-medal level on a benchmark of 30 problems.

Open sourceReasoningScience

Midjourney V6 is a version of Midjourney's image generation model, released in alpha on 21 December 2023 and trained from scratch over nine months; its 6.1 update followed in July 2024.

Consumer appsGenerative modelsCreative tools

FunSearch is a method that uses a pretrained large language model inside an evolutionary loop to search for programs that solve mathematical and computational problems, rather than for answers directly. It produced new results on the cap set problem and on online bin packing.

Deep learningReasoningScience

Phi-2 is a 2.7-billion-parameter base language model from Microsoft Research, announced on 12 December 2023. Microsoft reported that it matched or beat models up to 25 times larger on complex benchmarks, making it a reference point for small-model training.

Large language modelsOpen sourceReasoning

Google's second-generation text-to-image model, released in December 2023, whose standout feature was rendering legible text and logos inside generated images.

EnterpriseGenerative modelsCreative tools

Stable Video Diffusion is Stability AI's image-to-video model, released on 21 November 2023 as a research preview that turns a single still image into a clip of a few seconds.

Open sourceMultimodalGenerative models

DeepSeek's first model release: a family of open-source code models from 1.3B to 33B parameters, trained from scratch on 2 trillion tokens and reported to beat Codex and GPT-3.5 on several benchmarks.

Large language modelsOpen sourceChina

DALL·E 3 is OpenAI's image generation model announced on 20 September 2023 and released inside ChatGPT that October. It turned a user's idea into a detailed prompt before drawing, and was later replaced by GPT Image.

Consumer appsGenerative modelsCreative tools

Phi-1.5 is a 1.3-billion-parameter language model from Microsoft Research, trained on curated synthetic "textbook" text rather than web crawls; its report claims natural-language performance comparable to models five times larger.

Large language modelsOpen sourceReasoning

Code Llama is a family of coding models that Meta released in August 2023 by further training Llama 2 on code. It ranges from 7 billion to 70 billion parameters and uses the Llama 2 community license.

Large language modelsOpen sourceDeveloper tools

SparkDesk V2.0 is the second version of iFlytek's large language model, launched on 15 August 2023 with upgraded coding and multimodal abilities, and released alongside the iFlyCode 1.0 programming assistant.

Large language modelsChinaFoundation models

SDXL is Stability AI's open text-to-image diffusion model, announced in July 2023 with a 3.5B-parameter base model and a refiner stage, generating natively at 1024×1024. A distilled version, SDXL Turbo, cut generation down to a single step.

Open sourceGenerative modelsCreative tools

Phi-1 is a 1.3-billion-parameter Transformer language model for Python from Microsoft Research, which showed that filtered and synthetic "textbook quality" training data can partly substitute for model and data scale.

Large language modelsOpen sourceData & datasets

StarCoder is an open-access code language model of about 15.5 billion parameters, released on 4 May 2023 by the BigCode project led by Hugging Face and ServiceNow.

Large language modelsOpen sourceData & datasets

Amazon Titan is a family of foundation models built by Amazon for Amazon Bedrock, covering text generation, embeddings and image generation. It was announced in 2023 and later succeeded by Amazon Nova.

Large language modelsEnterpriseCloud

Midjourney V5 is a version of the Midjourney text-to-image model, released in alpha on 15 March 2023 and refined through the 5.x line before being succeeded by V6 in December 2023.

Consumer appsGenerative modelsCreative tools

Runway Gen-2 is a multimodal video generation system announced in March 2023 that turns text, images or video clips into new video, and was among the first commercially available text-to-video models.

MultimodalGenerative modelsCreative tools

Runway Gen-1 is a video-to-video diffusion model released in February 2023 that restyles existing footage from text or image prompts while keeping the source video's structure. It was among the first commercially available video-generation models.

MultimodalGenerative modelsCreative tools

Stable Diffusion 2 is an open-source text-to-image model family released by Stability AI on 24 November 2022, built on a new OpenCLIP text encoder and shipped with upscaling, depth-guided and inpainting models; version 2.1 followed weeks later.

Open sourceGenerative modelsCreative tools

Midjourney V4 is the fourth-generation image generation model released in alpha on 5 November 2022. It was the first Midjourney model trained on Google TPUs, and reviewers described it as a large step up from V3.

Consumer appsGenerative modelsCreative tools

Midjourney V3, released on 25 July 2022, was the third model version of Midjourney; it raised image quality sharply by learning from how users behaved, and it produced the image that won a Colorado State Fair digital-art prize.

Consumer appsGenerative modelsCreative tools