Robotics

Boston Dynamics and Hyundai Motor Group unveiled a production-ready Atlas humanoid in January 2026, with deployments planned at Hyundai and Google DeepMind and a fleet trained using reinforcement learning and foundation models.

EnterpriseRoboticsHardware & compute

NEO is a humanoid robot announced by 1X on 28 October 2025 and marketed as the first consumer-ready humanoid: a 66-pound, softly built machine with 22 degrees of freedom per hand, priced at US$20,000 for Early Access or US$499 a month by subscription.

Consumer appsRoboticsHardware & compute

Unitree H2 is a bionic humanoid robot announced on 20 October 2025, with a face-like head, 31 degrees of freedom, a weight of about 70 kg and a list price of 199,000 yuan.

ChinaRoboticsHardware & compute

Figure 03 is Figure's third-generation humanoid robot, announced in October 2025. It is designed around the company's Helix AI for home tasks and mass manufacturing, with a new camera system, tactile hands and wireless charging.

EnterpriseConsumer appsRobotics

Unitree R1 is a small humanoid robot released by Unitree on 25 July 2025 at a starting price of 39,900 yuan, the company's third humanoid model and its lowest-priced one to date.

ChinaConsumer appsRobotics

NEO Gamma is 1X's home humanoid robot, introduced in February 2025 with a learned whole-body controller that gives it a human-like gait; it was used for early household testing before the company's NEO robot succeeded it.

Consumer appsProduct historyRobotics

NEO Beta is a bipedal humanoid prototype that 1X unveiled on 30 August 2024 for home use. The company presented it as a step from concept development toward limited in-home testing and production planning.

Consumer appsProduct historyRobotics

Figure 02 is the humanoid robot Figure introduced in August 2024, with redesigned hardware, 16-degree-of-freedom hands and triple the onboard compute of Figure 01. It loaded sheet-metal parts at BMW's Spartanburg plant before being retired in favour of Figure 03.

EnterpriseProduct historyRobotics

A humanoid robot announced by Unitree Robotics on 13 May 2024 with a starting price of 99,000 yuan. The G1 weighs about 35 kg, folds for transport, and comes in a standard version and a configurable EDU version.

ChinaRoboticsHardware & compute

Boston Dynamics unveiled a fully electric Atlas in April 2024, saying it would be stronger, more dexterous and quieter than earlier generations and calling it the start of the robot's commercial journey, with Hyundai as first partner.

EnterpriseProduct historyRobotics

Tesla's second-generation humanoid robot, shown in a December 2023 video walking, dancing and handling an egg, with 30% faster walking, 10 kg less weight and 11-DoF hands.[^1][^2]

Product historyRoboticsHardware & compute

Apollo is Apptronik's humanoid robot, unveiled in August 2023: a 1.72 m electric machine with a 55-pound payload and swappable four-hour batteries, aimed first at warehouse and factory work.

RoboticsHardware & computeHumanoid robots

Unitree Go2 is a quadruped robot released in July 2023 at a starting price of 9,997 yuan, which Unitree said brought pricing in this category below 10,000 yuan for the first time.

Consumer appsProduct historyRobotics

Phoenix is Sanctuary AI's sixth-generation humanoid general-purpose robot, unveiled in May 2023 and controlled by the company's Carbon AI system.

RoboticsHardware & computeHumanoid robots

Optimus is Tesla's humanoid robot; its first prototype appeared at the company's second AI Day in September 2022, about 172 cm tall and 73 kg, with a 2.3 kWh battery pack and more than 200 degrees of freedom.

Product historyRoboticsHardware & compute

CyberOne, nicknamed Tieda, is a full-size humanoid bionic robot that Xiaomi presented in August 2022. It showed the company assembling perception, control and actuation into one machine, but it had not entered mass production.

ChinaConsumer appsProduct history

Xiaomi CyberDog is a bionic quadruped robot that Xiaomi announced in August 2021. It was sold as an engineering exploration edition priced at 9,999 yuan and limited to 1,000 units, and was aimed at developers who wanted to program and extend it.

ChinaConsumer appsProduct history

A four-legged consumer robot launched by Unitree in June 2021, the Go1 cost about 16,000 yuan and ran at up to 4.7 metres per second — an early attempt to sell a legged robot to ordinary buyers.

ChinaConsumer appsProduct history

Stretch is Boston Dynamics' first commercial robot designed specifically for warehouses, unveiled in March 2021 to unload trucks and, in later plans, to build orders.

EnterpriseProduct historyRobotics

Spot is Boston Dynamics' four-legged commercial robot, sold since September 2019 for industrial use. It carries modular payloads such as cameras and LIDAR, walks over steps and slopes, and more than 1,500 units are in customers' hands.

EnterpriseProduct historyRobotics

Handle was a Boston Dynamics research robot that balanced on two wheels and used Atlas-derived arms to move objects; the company credits it with truck unloading and pallet building, and says the work led to its warehouse robot Stretch.

Research historyRoboticsHardware & compute

Boston Dynamics' 2016 generation of the Atlas humanoid, called Atlas HD or hydraulic Atlas: smaller, lighter and more agile than earlier versions, electrically powered and hydraulically actuated, and retired in 2024.

Research historyRoboticsHardware & compute

Atlas was a humanoid disaster-response robot built by Boston Dynamics for DARPA, unveiled on 11 July 2013 and handed to teams in the DARPA Robotics Challenge; its hydraulic line was retired in 2024.

Research historyRoboticsHardware & compute

Curiosity is NASA's Mars rover, which landed in Gale Crater in August 2012 carrying a science payload far larger than earlier rovers, and which used a sky-crane descent to set down on its wheels.

RoboticsHardware & computeScience

BigDog is a four-legged robot built by Boston Dynamics with DARPA funding, designed as a robotic pack mule that could carry loads over terrain too rough for conventional vehicles.

Research historyRoboticsHardware & compute

An autonomous vacuum cleaning robot released by iRobot in 2002, Roomba created the consumer robot vacuum category and made its maker the market leader for years.

Consumer appsProduct historyRobotics

Sony's ERS-110, announced in May 1999, was the first AIBO: a four-legged autonomous entertainment robot that learned from interaction with its owner and expressed emotions.

Research historyConsumer appsProduct history

A small NASA rover that landed on Mars on July 4, 1997 with the Mars Pathfinder lander and became the first wheeled vehicle operated on another planet.

Research historyRoboticsHardware & compute

A four-wheeled planetary rover prototype built at Carnegie Mellon's Robotics Institute with NASA funding, Nomad tested autonomous driving and rock analysis in Antarctica, hunting meteorites on the ice without step-by-step human control.

Research historyRoboticsScience