Models

GLM-4.6 is an open-weights large language model released by Zhipu in late September 2025, with a 200K-token context window, about 357 billion parameters and an MIT licence, aimed at coding, reasoning and agent work.

Large language modelsOpen sourceChina

A fast reasoning model from xAI for agentic coding, released in August 2025 with low per-token pricing, a 70.8% score on SWE-bench Verified, and integrations with GitHub Copilot, Cursor, Cline and other coding tools.

Agents & tool useReasoningDeveloper tools

Claude Opus 4.1, released on 5 August 2025, upgraded Claude Opus 4 for agentic tasks, real-world coding and reasoning, at the same price. Anthropic later succeeded it with Claude Opus 4.5.

Large language modelsAgents & tool useReasoning

Step 3 is StepFun's open multimodal reasoning model, with 321 billion total parameters and 38 billion active per token. It was released in July 2025 and uses Apache 2.0.

Open sourceChinaMultimodal

Qwen3-Coder is an open-weight family of coding models from the Qwen team; its flagship 480B-parameter model, announced in July 2025, was built and trained specifically for agentic coding tasks.

Open sourceChinaAgents & tool use

Claude Opus 4 and Claude Sonnet 4, announced on 22 May 2025, were hybrid models with extended thinking. Anthropic called Opus 4 the best coding model in the world, and Claude Code became generally available the same day.

Large language modelsAgents & tool useReasoning

Devstral is Mistral AI's family of open-weight models for agentic coding, first released in May 2025 with All Hands AI; the first version scored 46.8% on SWE-Bench Verified and could run on a single consumer GPU.

Open sourceAgents & tool useDeveloper tools

AlphaEvolve is a Google DeepMind coding agent announced on 14 May 2025 that pairs Gemini models with automated evaluators to evolve algorithms, yielding a Borg scheduling heuristic, faster kernels and new mathematical results.

Agents & tool useReasoningScience

Seed-Coder is a family of open code models released by ByteDance Seed in May 2025, with 8B-parameter Base, Instruct and Reasoning variants trained on data filtered by language models rather than hand-written rules.

Large language modelsOpen sourceChina

Mistral Medium 3 is a proprietary model released by Mistral AI on 7 May 2025, marketed as a mid-sized system that nears larger competitors at a much lower price and can be self-hosted on four GPUs.

Large language modelsEnterpriseCode

A small reasoning model released by OpenAI in April 2025 alongside o3, built for fast, low-cost reasoning; with a Python interpreter it reached 99.5% pass@1 on AIME 2025, and it was later succeeded by GPT-5 mini.

Large language modelsReasoningCode

OpenAI's April 2025 family of three API models — GPT-4.1, GPT-4.1 mini and GPT-4.1 nano — offering a context window of over a million tokens, low prices per token and stronger coding scores. It was succeeded by GPT-5.

Large language modelsEnterpriseDeveloper tools

DeepSeek-V3-0324 is a March 2025 update to DeepSeek-V3 that keeps the same model structure while raising benchmark scores and moving to the MIT License.

Large language modelsOpen sourceChina

Claude 3.7 Sonnet, released on 24 February 2025, was described by Anthropic as the first hybrid reasoning model on the market, able to answer quickly or think step by step at length. It launched with Claude Code.

Large language modelsAgents & tool useReasoning

An experimental Google model released in February 2025 as part of the Gemini 2.0 family, described by Google as its best yet for coding and complex prompts, with a 2-million-token context window and tool use.

Large language modelsMultimodalCode

OpenAI's small reasoning model released on 31 January 2025, offered to all ChatGPT users including the free tier, with three reasoning-effort levels and developer features such as function calling and Structured Outputs; succeeded by o4-mini in April 2025.

Large language modelsConsumer appsReasoning

iFlytek Spark X1 is a Chinese deep-reasoning model released in January 2025 and trained entirely on domestic computing hardware, with later upgrades benchmarked against OpenAI's reasoning models.

Large language modelsChinaReasoning

Anthropic's small, fast language model announced in October 2024 as the successor to Claude 3 Haiku, claimed to reach the intelligence of the previous flagship at Haiku-like speed and to be especially strong at coding.

Large language modelsEnterpriseCode

The upgraded Claude 3.5 Sonnet, announced on 22 October 2024, raised coding and agentic scores and introduced computer use in public beta, the first such offer from a frontier AI model.

Large language modelsEnterpriseAgents & tool use

Ministral 3B and Ministral 8B are two small Mistral AI language models released on 16 October 2024 for on-device and edge use, offering long context, low API prices and, for the 3B, performance Mistral claimed beat its earlier 7B model.

Large language modelsEnterpriseHardware & compute

Qwen2.5 is the Qwen family's September 2024 generation. Its launch included 13 open-weight models, with up to 18 trillion pretraining tokens, 128K context and most models under Apache 2.0.

Large language modelsOpen sourceChina

o1-mini is a smaller, faster and cheaper reasoning model that OpenAI released on 12 September 2024 alongside o1-preview, trained with reinforcement learning to reason step by step and rated particularly effective at coding.

Large language modelsReasoningCode

DeepSeek-V2.5 is a model released on 5 September 2024 that merged DeepSeek's chat and code models into one, keeping both conversational and coding ability while improving safety scores.

Large language modelsOpen sourceChina

Yi-Coder is a family of open-source code models from 01.AI, released in September 2024 in 1.5B and 9B sizes, each with base and chat versions, covering 52 programming languages with context up to 128K tokens.

Large language modelsOpen sourceChina

Mistral AI's second-generation flagship model, released in July 2024 with 123 billion parameters, a 128K-token context window, wide language and code coverage, and weights published under a research license.

Large language modelsEnterpriseCode

Mistral NeMo is a 12-billion-parameter language model released by Mistral AI with NVIDIA in July 2024, notable for a 128K-token context window, a new multilingual tokenizer called Tekken, and an Apache 2.0 release.

Large language modelsOpen sourceHardware & compute

Codestral Mamba is a 7B open code model from Mistral AI, released in July 2024, that swaps the Transformer for the Mamba state-space architecture to get linear-time inference.

Open sourceDeveloper toolsCode

iFlytek's large language model released on 27 June 2024 and trained entirely on a domestic platform co-built with Huawei; iFlytek presented it as reaching GPT-4 level while acknowledging weaker coding and multimodal abilities.

Large language modelsChinaFoundation models

Claude 3.5 Sonnet, released on 20 June 2024, was the first model of the Claude 3.5 family. It ran twice as fast as Claude 3 Opus at the mid-tier price and powered the new Artifacts and Projects features.

Large language modelsEnterpriseConsumer apps

An open-source mixture-of-experts code model from DeepSeek, released in June 2024, that widened language coverage and context length over its predecessor and reported benchmark results above several closed models.

Large language modelsOpen sourceChina

Codestral is Mistral AI's family of code models, first released in May 2024 as an open-weight 22B-parameter model with a 32K context window, followed by faster and longer-context versions aimed at IDE code completion.

Large language modelsDeveloper toolsCode

Snowflake's open-weight model with 480 billion total and 17 billion active parameters, built as a dense-MoE hybrid, released in April 2024 under Apache 2.0 and trained for under 2 million dollars.

Large language modelsOpen sourceEnterprise

DBRX is Databricks' openly licensed large language model, a mixture-of-experts transformer with 132 billion total parameters and 36 billion active per token, announced on 27 March 2024.

Large language modelsOpen sourceEnterprise

StarCoder2 is a family of open code models in 3B, 7B and 15B sizes, released in February 2024 by BigCode (Hugging Face and ServiceNow) with NVIDIA and trained on The Stack v2, published together with its dataset and training code.

Large language modelsOpen sourceData & datasets

Spark V3.5 is a large language model that iFlytek released on 30 January 2024. It was the first Spark model trained entirely on the domestic FlyingStar One computing platform, and iFlytek compared it with GPT-4 Turbo.

Large language modelsChinaFoundation models

FunSearch is a method that uses a pretrained large language model inside an evolutionary loop to search for programs that solve mathematical and computational problems, rather than for answers directly. It produced new results on the cap set problem and on online bin packing.

Deep learningReasoningScience

DeepSeek's first model release: a family of open-source code models from 1.3B to 33B parameters, trained from scratch on 2 trillion tokens and reported to beat Codex and GPT-3.5 on several benchmarks.

Large language modelsOpen sourceChina

Code Llama is a family of coding models that Meta released in August 2023 by further training Llama 2 on code. It ranges from 7 billion to 70 billion parameters and uses the Llama 2 community license.

Large language modelsOpen sourceDeveloper tools

SparkDesk V2.0 is the second version of iFlytek's large language model, launched on 15 August 2023 with upgraded coding and multimodal abilities, and released alongside the iFlyCode 1.0 programming assistant.

Large language modelsChinaFoundation models

Phi-1 is a 1.3-billion-parameter Transformer language model for Python from Microsoft Research, which showed that filtered and synthetic "textbook quality" training data can partly substitute for model and data scale.

Large language modelsOpen sourceData & datasets

StarCoder is an open-access code language model of about 15.5 billion parameters, released on 4 May 2023 by the BigCode project led by Hugging Face and ServiceNow.

Large language modelsOpen sourceData & datasets

GPT-3.5 is the family of OpenAI language models between GPT-3 and GPT-4, released through API models such as text-davinci-002 and text-davinci-003 and underlying the first version of ChatGPT.

Large language modelsFoundation modelsProduct history

AlphaCode is a DeepMind code-generation system for competitive programming, announced in February 2022. On Codeforces contests held after its training data, it reached an estimated rank around the median participant. A Gemini-based AlphaCode 2 followed in December 2023.

Large language modelsResearch historyCode

Megatron-Turing NLG 530B is a 530-billion-parameter language model announced by NVIDIA and Microsoft on 11 October 2021, then the largest monolithic transformer language model, trained on NVIDIA's Selene supercomputer with Megatron-LM and DeepSpeed combined.

Large language modelsFoundation modelsHardware & compute

IBM's chess computer that in May 1997 became the first computer system to defeat a reigning world chess champion in a match under standard tournament time controls.

Research historyProduct historyHardware & compute