Developer tools Products

Lisp is a programming language invented by John McCarthy at MIT in 1958, whose programs are themselves lists. It became the favoured language of early artificial intelligence research and introduced automatic garbage collection.

TensorFlow is Google's second-generation machine learning system, released as an open-source library under the Apache 2.0 license on 9 November 2015, succeeding the earlier DistBelief system.

PyTorch is an open-source deep-learning framework released by Meta in 2017, now governed by the PyTorch Foundation under the Linux Foundation. It is used both for research and for training and running large models in production.

An open-source framework released in October 2022 that lets developers connect large language models to data, APIs and other tools by composing them into chains and agents.

vLLM is an open-source serving system for large language models, built on PagedAttention, which manages the KV cache the way an operating system manages virtual memory. It reports 2-4x higher throughput than earlier serving systems at the same latency.

llama.cpp is an open-source inference engine written in C/C++ that runs large language models on consumer hardware. Created by Georgi Gerganov in March 2023, it helped make local model inference common and popularized the GGUF model file format.

Cursor is an AI code editor made by Anysphere, Inc. that lets programmers work alongside AI agents; it grew from a small Series A to a product used across the Fortune 500 and was acquired by SpaceX in 2026.

JAX is a Python library for accelerator-oriented array computation and program transformation, aimed at high-performance numerical computing and large-scale machine learning. It pairs a NumPy-style API with composable transformations for compilation, batching, differentiation and parallelization.

Fortran is a programming language for numerical and scientific computing, developed from 1954 and released by IBM in 1957. Its compiler showed that automatically translated code could run nearly as fast as hand-written machine code.

Torch is a scientific computing framework for machine learning built on the LuaJIT scripting language with a C/CUDA core, designed to put GPUs first and surrounded by a large ecosystem of community packages.

Theano is a Python library and optimizing compiler for mathematical expressions, especially matrix-valued ones, developed at the Montreal Institute for Learning Algorithms. Released in 2007, it combined symbolic differentiation, GPU execution and C code generation for numerically heavy research and teaching.

An open-source Python library for statistical learning, begun in 2007, first released publicly on 1 February 2010 by a team at Inria, and now one of the most popular machine learning programs on GitHub.

A free beta software development kit released by Microsoft on 16 June 2011 that let developers use the Kinect sensor's depth sensing, motion tracking and voice recognition on Windows PCs, initially for non-commercial work.

Caffe is a BSD-licensed C++ library with Python and MATLAB bindings for training and deploying convolutional neural networks, described in a 2014 paper by Yangqing Jia and colleagues.

Keras is a deep learning API written in Python that runs on top of JAX, TensorFlow or PyTorch. Since 2015 it has offered a high-level way to define, train and export neural networks without tying a project to one framework.

OpenAI Gym, announced as a beta in April 2016, is a toolkit for developing and comparing reinforcement learning algorithms: a growing suite of environments, from classic control tasks to Atari games and simulated robots, plus a website for comparing and reproducing results.

PaddlePaddle (飞桨) is Baidu's open-source deep learning framework, released in September 2016 out of an internal platform begun in 2013; at launch it was described as China's first open-source deep learning platform.

ONNX is an open format for representing machine learning models, announced by Microsoft and Facebook in September 2017 so that developers can move models between frameworks instead of converting them between incompatible formats.

Amazon SageMaker is AWS's fully managed service for building, training and hosting machine learning models, announced in 2017. It combines hosted notebooks, distributed training and scalable inference endpoints, and each part can be used on its own.

A free, open catalogue that links machine learning papers to their code and maintains benchmark leaderboards tracking the state of the art; built by Atlas ML, majority-owned by Facebook from December 2019, and relaunched as paperswithcode.co by Hugging Face in 2026.

The Hugging Face Hub is the platform where people share machine-learning models, datasets and demo apps. By September 2026 it had more than 3 million models and 18 million users.

The OpenAI API is OpenAI's commercial developer platform, announced on 11 June 2020 with GPT-3. Over the following years it grew into a platform for building AI agents, adding the Responses API, Agents SDK, AgentKit and other tools.

Triton is OpenAI's open-source, Python-like language and compiler for writing GPU kernels. It lets researchers with no CUDA experience produce efficient GPU code, often close to what an expert would write.

LlamaIndex is an open-source Python library for building retrieval-augmented generation applications and AI agents on top of large language models. It began in late 2022 as one engineer's small indexing utility, GPT Tree Index.

An open-source AI model community launched by Alibaba's DAMO Academy with partners in 2022, hosting hundreds of ready-to-use models and promoting "Model-as-a-Service".

OpenRouter is a marketplace and gateway for large language models, started in early 2023, that lets developers reach hundreds of models from many providers through one interface. It reports more than 10 million users and a $113 million Series B.

Amazon Bedrock is AWS's managed, serverless service for accessing foundation models from several companies, announced on 13 April 2023. It became generally available in September 2023 and added Amazon's own Nova models and the AgentCore agent platform later.

Aider is an open-source AI pair programming tool that runs in the terminal, maps an entire codebase, edits code with cloud or local language models and commits every change to git automatically.

Ollama is an open-source tool written in Go that lets people pull and run large language models locally on macOS, Linux and Windows, from a command line interface or a local REST API.

GGUF is a binary file format introduced in 2023 by the llama.cpp project that packs model tensors and metadata into a single file, and is widely used for distributing quantized language models for local inference.

AutoGen is a Microsoft framework for building AI agents and applications, in which customizable, conversable agents combine large language models, human input and tools. It was introduced in an arXiv paper submitted on 16 August 2023.

DSPy is a programming model that represents language-model pipelines as graphs of declarative modules and uses a compiler to optimize them against a chosen metric.

TensorRT-LLM is NVIDIA's open-source library for speeding up and optimizing large language model inference on NVIDIA GPUs, publicly released on 19 October 2023 and usable free from GitHub or as part of NVIDIA NeMo.

CrewAI is an open-source Python framework for building groups of collaborating AI agents, created by João Moura in late 2023 and backed by $18 million in funding.

MLX is an open-source machine learning framework from Apple's machine learning research team, released in December 2023 and built primarily for Apple silicon. Its NumPy-like Python API and unified-memory design let the CPU and GPU work on the same data.

SGLang is an open-source system for running complex language model programs: a frontend language plus a runtime that reuses cached attention state and speeds up structured output, reporting up to 6.4x higher throughput than prior inference systems.

Cline is an open-source autonomous coding agent that runs as a VS Code extension, a CLI assistant and an SDK. Created in 2024 and operated by Cline Bot Inc., its extension has been installed by more than 11 million developers.

Bolt.new is a StackBlitz product, launched on 3 October 2024, that builds websites, apps and prototypes from a chat prompt. It bundles code generation with hosting and reported about a million dollars of annual recurring revenue in its first week.

An AI-native code editor released by Codeium on 13 November 2024, built around "AI flows" that combine copilot-style collaboration with agent-style independence, and featuring the Cascade assistant, the Riptide search tool and Supercomplete.

Lovable turns a plain-language description into a full-stack web application, aimed at people who cannot code. Launched in November 2024, it grew quickly in users and raised several large funding rounds at rising valuations.

OpenAI's open-source toolkit for building multi-agent applications, released in March 2025 with configurable agents, handoffs, guardrails and tracing; it succeeds the experimental Swarm SDK and works with OpenAI and third-party models.

Kiro is Amazon Web Services' agentic IDE, announced in July 2025, which turns a prompt into user stories, a design document and a task list before writing code — an approach its makers call spec-driven development.

Transformers is an open-source Python library that offers pretrained Transformer models through one unified API. Its paper was posted to arXiv on 9 October 2019, and the first v5 release candidate came in December 2025.

LangGraph is LangChain's agent runtime and low-level orchestration framework for building agents, with built-in memory, token streaming and human approval. Its 1.0 release, which LangChain called the first stable major release in the durable agent framework space, arrived in October 2025.

Agent Development Kit (ADK) is an open-source, code-first Python framework for building, evaluating and deploying AI agents, built around a graph-based workflow runtime, and ported to several other languages.

The AIBO Performer Kit (model ERF-510) is a motion editor released by Sony alongside its ERS-110 robot, letting owners write original movements for the robot on a personal computer and load them with an included Memory Stick.

Kaggle is a data science competition platform and online community founded by Anthony Goldbloom in April 2010, where most submissions are scored instantly on a live leaderboard. Google acquired it in March 2017.

Microsoft's commercial edition of its Kinect depth-sensing camera, released on 1 February 2012 at a suggested price of $249 with a version 1.0 software development kit, so that companies and researchers could build motion- and voice-based applications for Windows computers.

Apache MXNet is an open-source deep learning library that offers both symbolic and imperative programming, runs from mobile devices to GPU clusters, and ships bindings for eight languages. Its paper was posted in December 2015 by Tianqi Chen, Mu Li and colleagues.

A software platform OpenAI released in December 2016 for measuring and training an AI's general intelligence across games, websites and other applications, shipping 1,000 environments built on Gym.

MindSpore is Huawei's open-source AI computing framework, announced in March 2020, built to run across device, edge and cloud, co-optimized with Huawei's Ascend processors and shipped with tools for training visualization and model security.

Vercel's AI SDK is a TypeScript toolkit that gives developers one interface for many AI model providers, framework-agnostic hooks for chat interfaces, and a uniform way to run agent harnesses.

v0 is Vercel's tool that turns a written description of an interface into frontend code built on React, Tailwind CSS and shadcn/ui. It drew 100,000 waitlist sign-ups and moved from Alpha to Beta in October 2023.

Amazon Q is a generative AI assistant for work from AWS. It was announced in preview at re:Invent on 28 November 2023, respects each user's permissions and became generally available as Amazon Q Business on 30 April 2024.

Tinker is a managed API from Thinking Machines Lab, announced on 1 October 2025, for fine-tuning language models while users choose the algorithms and data.

Coze Studio is an open-source, Apache-2.0 visual tool from the coze-dev GitHub organisation for building AI agents, apps and workflows, written in Go and React, deployable with Docker Compose, and connectable through an OpenAPI and a Chat SDK.

Tencent Cloud CodeBuddy is an AI programming assistant offered as a plugin, an IDE and a CLI, covering design-to-code, requirements documents, backend setup and one-click deployment.

Poe is a platform where creators build and share AI-powered applications — from simple prompt bots to server bots, script bots, canvas apps and API bots — reaching millions of users, with per-call creator payouts and platform-covered inference costs.

Alibaba Cloud's AI coding assistant, now presented as Qoder CN after being upgraded from Lingma: an IDE, JetBrains plugin, CLI, agent workbench, cloud agents, SDK and digital-worker product, sold in enterprise plans with a choice of Chinese models.

NVIDIA's robotics development platform for simulation, training, perception, and deployment.

LM Studio is a closed-source desktop app for macOS, Windows and Linux that lets people download, run and chat with large language models entirely on their own computer, and serves them to other software through OpenAI-compatible local endpoints.

Dify is an open-source platform for building LLM applications, combining an AI workflow editor, a RAG pipeline, agent capabilities and model management in one interface, with managed cloud, VPC and self-hosted deployment options.