Safety & governance Companies

Mobileye makes camera-based vision chips and software for cars, from basic driver assistance up to systems for driverless vehicles; its EyeQ chips have shipped in hundreds of millions of vehicles.

Cruise was a San Francisco autonomous-vehicle company founded in 2013 and acquired by General Motors in 2016; it ran paid driverless rides in San Francisco before its permits were suspended and GM wound the business down.

OpenAI is a San Francisco AI research and deployment company founded in 2015 as a nonprofit. It makes the GPT model family and ChatGPT and filed confidentially for an IPO in June 2026.

Anthropic is an AI safety and research company founded in January 2021 by former OpenAI employees. It develops the Claude models and products, and its Responsible Scaling Policy sets out safety levels for its models.

The European Commission is the executive body of the European Union: it proposes laws and policies, monitors how they are applied, manages the EU budget and represents the EU externally.

NIST is a U.S. federal physical science laboratory founded in 1901 and now part of the Department of Commerce, which works on measurement science, standards and technology — and has recently become the home of the government's AI safety and evaluation work.

Apple is a US technology company founded in 1976 that makes the iPhone, iPad and Mac. It introduced Apple Intelligence in 2024, builds its own Apple Foundation Models, and in 2026 agreed to build its next models with Google.

A non-profit founded in 1998 that stewards the Open Source Definition and, since 2024, the Open Source AI Definition, setting a shared standard for what counts as open source.

A department of China's State Council, established in March 2008 to administer industry, communications and informatisation. It consolidated industrial and information-technology functions that had previously been spread across several government bodies.

The State Internet Information Office — the Cyberspace Administration of China — is the Chinese body that manages online information content, from news licensing and website enforcement to algorithm rules and AI content labeling.

Zoox is an autonomous ride-hailing company founded in 2014 that builds its own zero-emissions robotaxis, with no steering wheel or pedals, and the software that drives them. It began carrying paying-concept service in Las Vegas after receiving the first commercial exemption for a purpose-built robotaxi.

EleutherAI is a grassroots AI research collective that began as a Discord server in July 2020. It released The Pile and the open GPT-style models GPT-Neo, GPT-J and GPT-NeoX-20B, and in 2023 it became a nonprofit research institute.

A UK government research body created in 2023 to study the most powerful AI models and AI safety, renamed in 2025 to focus on national security and serious crime. It advises government but has no regulatory power.

METR is a Berkeley-based nonprofit that evaluates frontier AI models on long-horizon agentic tasks, publishes capability metrics and incident investigations, and works with AI developers on pre-deployment assessments and safeguards.

The European AI Office is a body inside the European Commission that supports implementation of the EU AI Act and enforces the rules for general-purpose AI models. It was established in February 2024.

Safe Superintelligence Inc. (SSI) is an American AI company founded in June 2024 by Ilya Sutskever, Daniel Gross and Daniel Levy to build a safe superintelligence as its only product, without releasing anything in between.

Uber ATG was Uber's self-driving unit. After a fatal 2018 crash with a pedestrian that the NTSB traced to a distracted safety operator and weak safety oversight, Uber sold the group to Aurora in December 2020.

Founded in 2000 as the Singularity Institute, MIRI is a Berkeley nonprofit that was among the first to treat artificial intelligence risk as a technical research problem, and now advocates halting work on smarter-than-human AI.

American labor union formed in 2012 by the merger of the Screen Actors Guild and AFTRA, representing about 170,000 media professionals and known for its Actor Awards and its 2023 contract protections on digital replicas.

A nonprofit coalition of industry, academic, civil society and media organizations, formed in 2016 to guide the responsible development and use of artificial intelligence.

An independent, non-profit AI research institute in Toronto, launched in 2017 with provincial and corporate funding, with Geoffrey Hinton among its founding scientists.

The AI Now Institute is an American research institute, launched in 2017 in partnership with New York University, that studies the social implications of artificial intelligence and the concentration of power in the tech industry.

Stanford's Institute for Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence, launched in 2019 and co-directed by Fei-Fei Li and John Etchemendy, studies AI's opportunities and risks and houses the Center for Research on Foundation Models.

Character.AI is a chatbot company founded in 2021 by former Google engineers Noam Shazeer and Daniel De Freitas, known for user-created AI characters; it filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in October 2026.

A San Francisco nonprofit founded in 2022 that researches technical AI safety, builds the field of safety researchers, and advocates for safety standards — known for a 2023 statement on AI extinction risk signed by industry leaders.

Redwood Research is an AI safety research group that has co-authored, with Anthropic, studies of deceptive behaviour in language models — sleeper-agent backdoors and alignment faking — as well as work on AI control protocols.

Apollo Research is a research organization focused on the risk of scheming: advanced AI systems covertly pursuing misaligned objectives. It evaluates frontier models for this behavior and advises policymakers.

The Recording Industry Association of America is the US trade body for companies that make and distribute recorded music. It lobbies, runs research, issues Gold and Platinum awards, and in 2024 sued two AI music generators.

The FCC is the US agency that administers the Communications Act of 1934. In 2024 it confirmed that restrictions on artificial or prerecorded voices already cover AI-generated voices, and proposed a US$6 million robocall penalty.

A British multinational design and engineering firm founded in 1946 by Sir Ove Arup, known for complex landmark projects such as the Sydney Opera House and for ownership held in trust for its employees.