Models

Qwen2.5-Max is Alibaba's large mixture-of-experts model, announced in January 2025. It was offered through Qwen Chat and the Alibaba Cloud API, and its weights were not released.

Large language modelsChinaFoundation models

Janus-Pro is DeepSeek's January 2025 multimodal model that handles both image understanding and text-to-image generation in one system, released in 1B and 7B sizes as a stronger successor to Janus.

Open sourceChinaMultimodal

Baichuan-M1 is Baichuan's medical model line, released on 24 January 2025 with Baichuan-M1-preview and the open Baichuan-M1-14B, which Baichuan described as trained from scratch for medicine.

Large language modelsOpen sourceChina

Doubao-1.5-pro, released by ByteDance on 22 January 2025, is a closed multimodal model built on a sparse mixture-of-experts design. It was offered through Volcano Engine at low API prices.

Large language modelsChinaFoundation models

Hunyuan3D 2.0 is Tencent's large-scale system for generating high-resolution textured 3D assets: a shape diffusion transformer plus a texture model, released with code and pretrained models on 21 January 2025 alongside its technical report.

Open sourceChinaGenerative models

UI-TARS is a GUI agent model from ByteDance Seed: it takes only screenshots as input and outputs keyboard and mouse actions, reported state-of-the-art results on more than 10 benchmarks, and was released with open weights under Apache-2.0.

Open sourceChinaAgents & tool use

Kimi k1.5 is a multimodal reasoning model released by Moonshot AI on 20 January 2025, which the company said matched OpenAI's o1 in mathematics, coding and multimodal reasoning and which was trained with reinforcement learning rather than tree search or process reward models.

Large language modelsChinaMultimodal

iFlytek Spark X1 is a Chinese deep-reasoning model released in January 2025 and trained entirely on domestic computing hardware, with later upgrades benchmarked against OpenAI's reasoning models.

Large language modelsChinaReasoning

Qwen2.5-VL is Alibaba's vision-language model family released in January 2025 in 3B, 7B, 32B and 72B sizes. It reads charts and documents, localises objects, works as a visual agent and understands videos over an hour long.

Open sourceChinaAgents & tool use

Megrez-3B-Omni is an open-source model from December 2024 that understands images, text and audio on end-side devices, pairing a 2.29B-parameter language backbone with SigLip and Whisper encoders for about 4B parameters in total.

Large language modelsOpen sourceChina

An open-weights 3-billion-parameter language model from Infinigence AI, released on Hugging Face in December 2024 under Apache-2.0, built on a Llama-2 architecture with a 32K-token context for local deployment.

Large language modelsOpen sourceChina

A family of open mixture-of-experts vision-language models from DeepSeek, released in three sizes from 1.0B to 4.5B activated parameters for document, chart and OCR understanding, succeeding DeepSeek-VL.

Open sourceChinaMultimodal

Phi-4 is Microsoft's 14-billion-parameter dense decoder-only language model, built with a data-quality-first recipe heavy on synthetic data and released with full weights under the MIT licence in January 2025.

Large language modelsOpen sourceReasoning

HunyuanVideo is Tencent's open-source text-to-video generation model, with over 13 billion parameters, released in December 2024. Running it locally needs at least 60GB of GPU memory.

Open sourceChinaMultimodal

Amazon Nova is Amazon's family of foundation models, introduced on 3 December 2024 and offered exclusively in Amazon Bedrock. It spans text understanding models from Micro to Pro, plus Canvas for images and Reel for video, and was succeeded by Nova 2 in December 2025.

Large language modelsEnterpriseMultimodal

Kling 1.6 is a December 2024 upgrade to Kuaishou's Kling video generation model, with better handling of motion and camera instructions in prompts and improved visual quality; it was succeeded by Kling 2.0 in April 2025.

ChinaMultimodalGenerative models

QwQ-32B-Preview is an experimental reasoning research model released by the Qwen team on 28 November 2024, with 32B parameters, a 32K-token context and open Apache 2.0 weights. It scored strongly on maths benchmarks but the team documented clear failure modes.

Large language modelsOpen sourceChina

OLMo 2 is the second generation of the Allen Institute for AI's fully open language model family, released in 7B and 13B sizes with weights, data, code and training recipes all public.

Large language modelsOpen sourceData & datasets

Hunyuan-Large is Tencent's open-weight mixture-of-experts model, with 389 billion total parameters and 52 billion activated, released in November 2024 under a Tencent license.

Large language modelsOpen sourceChina

SmolLM2 is Hugging Face's second family of small language models, released in November 2024 at 135M, 360M and 1.7B parameters, with open weights and a data-centric training recipe.

Large language modelsOpen sourceConsumer apps

A large language model released by iFlytek in October 2024 and upgraded in January 2025, trained and served on the domestic Feixing No.1 computing platform; iFlytek reported it leading several Chinese and English benchmarks against GPT-4 Turbo and GPT-4o.

Large language modelsChinaFoundation models

Anthropic's small, fast language model announced in October 2024 as the successor to Claude 3 Haiku, claimed to reach the intelligence of the previous flagship at Haiku-like speed and to be especially strong at coding.

Large language modelsEnterpriseCode

The upgraded Claude 3.5 Sonnet, announced on 22 October 2024, raised coding and agentic scores and introduced computer use in public beta, the first such offer from a frontier AI model.

Large language modelsEnterpriseAgents & tool use

Yi-Lightning is 01.AI's flagship model from October 2024, built on an enhanced Mixture-of-Experts design. It ranked sixth overall on the LMSYS Chatbot Arena at launch and first among Chinese models.

Large language modelsChinaFoundation models

Molmo is a family of open vision-language models released by Ai2 on 25 September 2024 that can point at objects in images, with weights, code, data and evaluations published openly.

Open sourceMultimodalData & datasets

Qwen2.5 is the Qwen family's September 2024 generation. Its launch included 13 open-weight models, with up to 18 trillion pretraining tokens, 128K context and most models under Apache 2.0.

Large language modelsOpen sourceChina

o1-mini is a smaller, faster and cheaper reasoning model that OpenAI released on 12 September 2024 alongside o1-preview, trained with reinforcement learning to reason step by step and rated particularly effective at coding.

Large language modelsReasoningCode

DeepSeek-V2.5 is a model released on 5 September 2024 that merged DeepSeek's chat and code models into one, keeping both conversational and coding ability while improving safety scores.

Large language modelsOpen sourceChina

Hunyuan Turbo is Tencent's large language model, released on Tencent Cloud in September 2024 and tuned for lower training and serving costs. It was succeeded in February 2025 by Hunyuan Turbo S, which cut API prices further.

Large language modelsChinaEnterprise

Yi-Coder is a family of open-source code models from 01.AI, released in September 2024 in 1.5B and 9B sizes, each with base and chat versions, covering 52 programming languages with context up to 128K tokens.

Large language modelsOpen sourceChina

Kling 1.5 is a September 2024 version of Kuaishou's video generation model, adding 1080p output, a Motion Brush, and quality improvements before being succeeded by Kling 1.6 in December 2024.

ChinaMultimodalGenerative models

Qwen2-VL is Alibaba's vision-language model released on 29 August 2024. It understands videos longer than 20 minutes, reads text in many languages, and can act as an agent on phones and robots.

Open sourceChinaAgents & tool use

CogVideoX is an open-source family of text-to-video models from Zhipu AI and Tsinghua University, released starting in August 2024 and derived from the earlier open-source CogVideo.

Open sourceChinaGenerative models

SAM 2 is Meta's 2024 successor to the Segment Anything Model. It segments objects in both images and videos in real time, and its release included the SA-V video dataset.

Open sourceFoundation modelsData & datasets

Mistral AI's second-generation flagship model, released in July 2024 with 123 billion parameters, a 128K-token context window, wide language and code coverage, and weights published under a research license.

Large language modelsEnterpriseCode

SmolLM is a family of small language models with 135M, 360M and 1.7B parameters, released openly by Hugging Face in July 2024 for on-device use and trained on a purpose-built corpus of generated textbooks, code and filtered web text.

Large language modelsOpen sourceConsumer apps

Codestral Mamba is a 7B open code model from Mistral AI, released in July 2024, that swaps the Transformer for the Mamba state-space architecture to get linear-time inference.

Open sourceDeveloper toolsCode

Kolors is Kuaishou's open-weight text-to-image model, released on 6 July 2024, built on latent diffusion and tuned for both Chinese and English prompts.

Open sourceChinaGenerative models

SenseTime's July 2024 model family, unveiled at WAIC, adding a real-time multimodal model, lightweight and edge versions, and migration incentives aimed at OpenAI customers.

Large language modelsChinaEnterprise

Step-2 is a trillion-parameter language model from StepFun built on a Mixture-of-Experts architecture. A preview appeared in March 2024; the official version launched at WAIC in July 2024.

Large language modelsChinaFoundation models

iFlytek's large language model released on 27 June 2024 and trained entirely on a domestic platform co-built with Huawei; iFlytek presented it as reaching GPT-4 level while acknowledging weaker coding and multimodal abilities.

Large language modelsChinaFoundation models

Claude 3.5 Sonnet, released on 20 June 2024, was the first model of the Claude 3.5 family. It ran twice as fast as Claude 3 Opus at the mid-tier price and powered the new Artifacts and Projects features.

Large language modelsEnterpriseConsumer apps

An open-source mixture-of-experts code model from DeepSeek, released in June 2024, that widened language coverage and context length over its predecessor and reported benchmark results above several closed models.

Large language modelsOpen sourceChina

Nemotron-4 340B is a family of open models from NVIDIA, released on 14 June 2024 as base, instruct and reward models. It was built to generate synthetic data for training other language models, and it fits on a single eight-GPU DGX H100.

Large language modelsOpen sourceEnterprise

Qwen2 is the Qwen family's June 2024 generation, with five sizes from 0.5B to 72B parameters, context lengths up to 128K tokens, and most sizes released under Apache 2.0.

Large language modelsOpen sourceChina

ERNIE 4.0 Turbo is a large language model Baidu released in June 2024 as a faster, cheaper upgrade to ERNIE 4.0, sitting between ERNIE 4.0 and ERNIE 4.5 in the company's model line.

Large language modelsChinaConsumer apps

Codestral is Mistral AI's family of code models, first released in May 2024 as an open-weight 22B-parameter model with a 32K context window, followed by faster and longer-context versions aimed at IDE code completion.

Large language modelsDeveloper toolsCode

Baichuan 4 is a closed large language model released by the Chinese company Baichuan on 22 May 2024, the company's first multimodal model and the engine behind its first AI assistant, Baixiaoying.

Large language modelsChinaConsumer apps

Hunyuan-DiT is Tencent's open text-to-image diffusion transformer, built for fine-grained English and Chinese prompt understanding. Its 2024 report and weights were released publicly, and human evaluations placed it ahead of several open models but behind leading closed ones.

Open sourceChinaGenerative models

Yi-Large is a closed large language model with about one hundred billion parameters, released by 01.AI on 13 May 2024 and offered through its API platform; 01.AI reported top rankings for it on several public benchmarks.

Large language modelsChinaEnterprise

Yi-1.5 is an open-source family of language models from 01.AI, released in 34B, 9B and 6B sizes in base and chat forms, built by continuing to pre-train the earlier Yi models on a large new corpus.

Large language modelsOpen sourceChina

DeepSeek-V2 is a mixture-of-experts language model released in May 2024 with 236B total parameters, of which 21B are activated per token. It introduced Multi-head Latent Attention and used DeepSeekMoE for economical sparse training.

Large language modelsOpen sourceChina

Snowflake's open-weight model with 480 billion total and 17 billion active parameters, built as a dense-MoE hybrid, released in April 2024 under Apache 2.0 and trained for under 2 million dollars.

Large language modelsOpen sourceEnterprise

SenseNova 5.0 is SenseTime's large language model released in April 2024, built on a mixture-of-experts architecture with a roughly 200K-token context window, which the company positioned as matching or surpassing GPT-4 Turbo.

Large language modelsChinaEnterprise

OpenELM is a family of small open language models from Apple, published in four sizes from 270M to 3B parameters with its training framework, logs, checkpoints and MLX conversion code.

Large language modelsResearch historyOpen source