Models

UI-TARS is a GUI agent model from ByteDance Seed: it takes only screenshots as input and outputs keyboard and mouse actions, reported state-of-the-art results on more than 10 benchmarks, and was released with open weights under Apache-2.0.

Open sourceChinaAgents & tool use

Kimi k1.5 is a multimodal reasoning model released by Moonshot AI on 20 January 2025, which the company said matched OpenAI's o1 in mathematics, coding and multimodal reasoning and which was trained with reinforcement learning rather than tree search or process reward models.

Large language modelsChinaMultimodal

iFlytek Spark X1 is a Chinese deep-reasoning model released in January 2025 and trained entirely on domestic computing hardware, with later upgrades benchmarked against OpenAI's reasoning models.

Large language modelsChinaReasoning

NVIDIA Cosmos is a platform of world foundation models that generate physics-based video to train robots and autonomous vehicles, released as open-weight models in January 2025.

Open sourceFoundation modelsRobotics

Qwen2.5-VL is Alibaba's vision-language model family released in January 2025 in 3B, 7B, 32B and 72B sizes. It reads charts and documents, localises objects, works as a visual agent and understands videos over an hour long.

Open sourceChinaAgents & tool use

Megrez-3B-Omni is an open-source model from December 2024 that understands images, text and audio on end-side devices, pairing a 2.29B-parameter language backbone with SigLip and Whisper encoders for about 4B parameters in total.

Large language modelsOpen sourceChina

Veo 2 is a video-generation model Google announced on 16 December 2024, emphasising real-world physics and human movement, with outputs up to 4K that can extend to minutes.

MultimodalGenerative modelsCreative tools

An open-weights 3-billion-parameter language model from Infinigence AI, released on Hugging Face in December 2024 under Apache-2.0, built on a Llama-2 architecture with a 32K-token context for local deployment.

Large language modelsOpen sourceChina

Falcon3 is TII's family of open-weight language models from 1B to 10B parameters, released in base and instruct form; the 10B instruct model appeared on Hugging Face in December 2024 with a 32K context and a custom licence.

Large language modelsOpen sourceFoundation models

A family of open mixture-of-experts vision-language models from DeepSeek, released in three sizes from 1.0B to 4.5B activated parameters for document, chart and OCR understanding, succeeding DeepSeek-VL.

Open sourceChinaMultimodal

Phi-4 is Microsoft's 14-billion-parameter dense decoder-only language model, built with a data-quality-first recipe heavy on synthetic data and released with full weights under the MIT licence in January 2025.

Large language modelsOpen sourceReasoning

Gemini 2.0 Flash is the first model of Google's Gemini 2.0 generation, released as an experimental model in December 2024 with multimodal output and native tool calling, and made generally available in February 2025.

Large language modelsAgents & tool useMultimodal

A family of three instruction-tuned Korean–English language models released by LG AI Research in December 2024, ranging from 2.4B to 32B parameters, with 32K-token context and weights out under a research-use licence.

Large language modelsOpen sourceFoundation models

Llama 3.3 70B is a text-only, instruction-tuned model Meta released on 6 December 2024. Meta said it performs close to the 405B Llama 3.1 at much lower cost and can run on a typical developer workstation.

Large language modelsOpen sourceFoundation models

A version of OpenAI's o1 that spends more compute before answering, launched on 5 December 2024 inside the $200-a-month ChatGPT Pro plan and added to the API on 19 March 2025.

Large language modelsConsumer appsReasoning

Genie 2 is a foundation world model from Google DeepMind, announced on 4 December 2024, that turns a single prompt image into a playable 3D environment that a person or an AI agent can explore with keyboard and mouse controls.

Agents & tool useGenerative modelsSimulation

HunyuanVideo is Tencent's open-source text-to-video generation model, with over 13 billion parameters, released in December 2024. Running it locally needs at least 60GB of GPU memory.

Open sourceChinaMultimodal

Amazon Nova is Amazon's family of foundation models, introduced on 3 December 2024 and offered exclusively in Amazon Bedrock. It spans text understanding models from Micro to Pro, plus Canvas for images and Reel for video, and was succeeded by Nova 2 in December 2025.

Large language modelsEnterpriseMultimodal

Kling 1.6 is a December 2024 upgrade to Kuaishou's Kling video generation model, with better handling of motion and camera instructions in prompts and improved visual quality; it was succeeded by Kling 2.0 in April 2025.

ChinaMultimodalGenerative models

QwQ-32B-Preview is an experimental reasoning research model released by the Qwen team on 28 November 2024, with 32B parameters, a 32K-token context and open Apache 2.0 weights. It scored strongly on maths benchmarks but the team documented clear failure modes.

Large language modelsOpen sourceChina

OLMo 2 is the second generation of the Allen Institute for AI's fully open language model family, released in 7B and 13B sizes with weights, data, code and training recipes all public.

Large language modelsOpen sourceData & datasets

Tülu 3 is Ai2's open post-training recipe and model family, released in 8B and 70B sizes on top of Llama 3.1 and combining instruction tuning, preference tuning with on-policy data, and reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards.

Large language modelsOpen sourceReasoning

Pixtral Large is Mistral AI's open-weight multimodal model announced on 18 November 2024, built on Mistral Large 2, combining a 123B-parameter decoder with a 1B vision encoder and a 128K-token context window. It was retired in May 2026.

EnterpriseMultimodalComputer vision

Hunyuan-Large is Tencent's open-weight mixture-of-experts model, with 389 billion total parameters and 52 billion activated, released in November 2024 under a Tencent license.

Large language modelsOpen sourceChina

SmolLM2 is Hugging Face's second family of small language models, released in November 2024 at 135M, 360M and 1.7B parameters, with open weights and a data-centric training recipe.

Large language modelsOpen sourceConsumer apps

π0 is a generalist robot policy from Physical Intelligence, built by adapting a 3-billion-parameter vision-language model with flow matching so one model can output fast, continuous motor commands for dexterous manipulation.

Deep learningFoundation modelsMultimodal

A large language model released by iFlytek in October 2024 and upgraded in January 2025, trained and served on the domestic Feixing No.1 computing platform; iFlytek reported it leading several Chinese and English benchmarks against GPT-4 Turbo and GPT-4o.

Large language modelsChinaFoundation models

Anthropic's small, fast language model announced in October 2024 as the successor to Claude 3 Haiku, claimed to reach the intelligence of the previous flagship at Haiku-like speed and to be especially strong at coding.

Large language modelsEnterpriseCode

The upgraded Claude 3.5 Sonnet, announced on 22 October 2024, raised coding and agentic scores and introduced computer use in public beta, the first such offer from a frontier AI model.

Large language modelsEnterpriseAgents & tool use

A family of text-to-image models from Stability AI, announced in October 2024: the 8.1-billion-parameter Large, a 4-step Turbo variant and the 2.5-billion-parameter Medium, released under a community licence.

Open sourceGenerative modelsCreative tools

Yi-Lightning is 01.AI's flagship model from October 2024, built on an enhanced Mixture-of-Experts design. It ranked sixth overall on the LMSYS Chatbot Arena at launch and first among Chinese models.

Large language modelsChinaFoundation models

Ministral 3B and Ministral 8B are two small Mistral AI language models released on 16 October 2024 for on-device and edge use, offering long context, low API prices and, for the 3B, performance Mistral claimed beat its earlier 7B model.

Large language modelsEnterpriseHardware & compute

Movie Gen is a set of media foundation models Meta premiered on 4 October 2024. It covers video generation, personalised video, precise video editing and audio generation, and was not released publicly.

Foundation modelsGenerative modelsCreative tools

A closed text-to-image model from Black Forest Labs, released on 2 October 2024 and available only through an API. Black Forest Labs said it generates six times faster than its predecessor, and it reached the top of the Artificial Analysis image arena leaderboard.

Generative modelsCreative toolsImage generation

Aya Expanse is a family of multilingual open-weight language models released by Cohere For AI in October 2024 in 8B and 32B sizes, covering 23 languages.

Large language modelsOpen sourceFoundation models

NVIDIA's Llama-3.1-Nemotron-70B-Instruct is a version of Meta's Llama-3.1-70B-Instruct tuned with reinforcement learning from human feedback to give more helpful answers; on release it topped three automatic alignment benchmarks.

Large language modelsOpen sourceEnterprise

Molmo is a family of open vision-language models released by Ai2 on 25 September 2024 that can point at objects in images, with weights, code, data and evaluations published openly.

Open sourceMultimodalData & datasets

Llama 3.2, announced on 25 September 2024, added vision models at 11 billion and 90 billion parameters and small text-only models at 1 billion and 3 billion for edge and mobile devices.

Large language modelsOpen sourceMultimodal

Qwen2.5 is the Qwen family's September 2024 generation. Its launch included 13 open-weight models, with up to 18 trillion pretraining tokens, 128K context and most models under Apache 2.0.

Large language modelsOpen sourceChina

Pixtral 12B is Mistral AI's first multimodal model, pairing a 12B language decoder with a 400M vision encoder. Released openly under Apache 2.0 in September 2024, it reads images at native resolution and was retired at the end of 2025.

Open sourceMultimodalComputer vision

NVLM is a family of multimodal large language models from NVIDIA, described in a paper posted to arXiv in September 2024; its flagship NVLM-D-72B was later released as open weights for non-commercial use.

Large language modelsOpen sourceMultimodal

o1-mini is a smaller, faster and cheaper reasoning model that OpenAI released on 12 September 2024 alongside o1-preview, trained with reinforcement learning to reason step by step and rated particularly effective at coding.

Large language modelsReasoningCode

DeepSeek-V2.5 is a model released on 5 September 2024 that merged DeepSeek's chat and code models into one, keeping both conversational and coding ability while improving safety scores.

Large language modelsOpen sourceChina

Hunyuan Turbo is Tencent's large language model, released on Tencent Cloud in September 2024 and tuned for lower training and serving costs. It was succeeded in February 2025 by Hunyuan Turbo S, which cut API prices further.

Large language modelsChinaEnterprise

Yi-Coder is a family of open-source code models from 01.AI, released in September 2024 in 1.5B and 9B sizes, each with base and chat versions, covering 52 programming languages with context up to 128K tokens.

Large language modelsOpen sourceChina

OLMoE is a fully open sparse mixture-of-experts language model from Ai2: 7 billion total parameters, 1 billion active per token, pretrained on 5 trillion tokens, with weights, data, code and logs released.

Large language modelsOpen sourceFoundation models

Kling 1.5 is a September 2024 version of Kuaishou's video generation model, adding 1080p output, a Motion Brush, and quality improvements before being succeeded by Kling 1.6 in December 2024.

ChinaMultimodalGenerative models

Qwen2-VL is Alibaba's vision-language model released on 29 August 2024. It understands videos longer than 20 minutes, reads text in many languages, and can act as an agent on phones and robots.

Open sourceChinaAgents & tool use

Jamba 1.5 is AI21 Labs' family of instruction-tuned language models, Mini and Large, which combine Transformer and Mamba layers, offer a 256,000-token effective context and ship with open weights.

Large language modelsOpen sourceEnterprise

xAI's Grok-2 and Grok-2 mini, released in August 2024 as a beta for X subscribers, added image input, posted competitive benchmark scores and later had their weights published.

Large language modelsOpen sourceMultimodal

EXAONE 3.0 7.8B is the first openly released model in LG AI Research's EXAONE family: an instruction-tuned model strong in Korean, published with gated weights on Hugging Face.

Large language modelsOpen sourceFoundation models

CogVideoX is an open-source family of text-to-video models from Zhipu AI and Tsinghua University, released starting in August 2024 and derived from the earlier open-source CogVideo.

Open sourceChinaGenerative models

FLUX.1 is a family of 12-billion-parameter text-to-image models released by Black Forest Labs on 1 August 2024 in pro, dev and schnell variants. The dev version is open-weight, and the variants carry different licenses.

Open sourceGenerative modelsCreative tools

Phi-3.5 is Microsoft's August 2024 update to its small Phi models, released in three versions — mini, vision and the line's first mixture-of-experts model — under the MIT licence.

Large language modelsOpen sourceMultimodal

SAM 2 is Meta's 2024 successor to the Segment Anything Model. It segments objects in both images and videos in real time, and its release included the SA-V video dataset.

Open sourceFoundation modelsData & datasets

AlphaProof is a Google DeepMind reinforcement-learning system that proves mathematical statements in the formal language Lean. At the 2024 International Mathematical Olympiad it solved three problems, and together with AlphaGeometry 2 reached silver-medal level.

ReasoningScienceSymbolic AI