Deep learning Companies

NVIDIA is the company that created the GPU in 1999 and, through the CUDA architecture and the chips behind AlexNet, became a central supplier of computing power for modern AI.

A London-headquartered AI research organisation formed in 2023 by merging DeepMind with Google's Brain team, known for AlphaGo, AlphaFold and the Gemini model family.

Isomorphic Labs is an AI drug discovery company launched out of DeepMind and dated to 2021, building the IsoDDE platform and working with Novartis, Eli Lilly and Johnson & Johnson.

A public research university in Toronto where Geoffrey Hinton has been affiliated since 1987 and where AlexNet, the 2012 deep convolutional network, was developed.

MIT, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, Massachusetts, hosted the AI lab that Marvin Minsky and John McCarthy co-founded, which later became CSAIL. The lab also invented Lisp machines, and Minsky co-wrote the book Perceptrons.

The University of California, Berkeley is a public land-grant research university founded in 1868, the first land-grant university in California, known for a long Nobel record, a history of student activism and top rankings among public universities.

Stanford University is a private research university in California, home to the Stanford AI Lab (SAIL) and the Institute for Human-Centered AI, which publishes the AI Index.

Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh has one of the earliest US computer science departments. Its researchers built the Logic Theorist, Sphinx speech recognition and the Deep Blue lineage, and won the 2007 DARPA Urban Challenge.

Bell Labs was the research arm of the Bell System, where the transistor, Unix and the C language were created. Yann LeCun's convolutional networks for handwritten digits were developed there, which made it an early home of neural-network research.

MIT's Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL), formed in 2003 by merging the MIT AI Lab with the Laboratory for Computer Science, is the largest laboratory on the MIT campus.

ICML is the annual International Conference on Machine Learning, held every year since 1980 and organized by the International Machine Learning Society. It is the oldest of the field's main conferences and one of its three most influential venues.

CVPR is the annual Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, first held in 1983 and usually held in June in North America. It is known for selective, double-blind review and open-access papers.

NeurIPS is an annual December conference on machine learning and computational neuroscience, founded in 1987 and counted among the most influential meetings in AI research.

Microsoft's corporate research division, founded in 1991, whose researchers produced work such as the ResNet image-recognition architecture and helped build features used in Kinect, Bing, HoloLens, Cortana and Microsoft Translator.

Mila, the Quebec AI Institute, is a Montreal deep-learning institute founded in 1993 by Yoshua Bengio as LISA; its graduates include Ian Goodfellow and Hugo Larochelle.

Google's research division, based in Mountain View and usually dated to 2000, produced the Transformer, BERT and T5 — the work underlying modern large language models.

Google Brain was a deep-learning research team started inside Google's X in 2011. Its cat-recognition experiment, TensorFlow, sequence-to-sequence models and the Transformer made it central to modern AI; it merged into Google DeepMind in 2023.

ICLR is an annual machine learning conference held in late April or early May, founded in 2012 by Yann LeCun and Yoshua Bengio, and known for its open peer review process.

A research institute at the University of Washington, founded in 2012 and led by David Baker, that designs new proteins for medicine and technology; its labs produced RoseTTAFold and, it says, the first computationally designed vaccine.

Recursion is a drug discovery company that pairs automated laboratory experiments with computation; its Recursion OS platform spans target identification to clinical trial enrolment. It listed on Nasdaq in 2021 and combined with Exscientia in 2024.

Preferred Networks, Inc. is a Tokyo technology company founded in 2014 that builds AI processors, runs its own supercomputer and develops Japanese large language models, with major Japanese manufacturers among its shareholders.

A Chinese chip designer founded in 2014 that builds x86-compatible processors and DCU accelerators, listed on the STAR Market in 2022 and positioning itself around a self-developed C86 plus GPGPU product line.

A Chinese AI chip company founded in 2016 and listed on the STAR Market in 2020. It designs cloud, edge and endpoint chips, and in 2025 it turned profitable as revenue rose sharply.

Chinese chip designer founded in 2019 that builds general-purpose GPU (GPGPU) chips and intelligent computing solutions on its self-developed BILI series hardware and BIRENSUPA software, for AI training and inference from cloud to edge.

Chinese GPU company Moore Threads, founded in 2020 by former Nvidia China head Zhang Jianzhong, sells AI accelerator cards, servers and clusters built on its MUSA architecture. It listed on the STAR Market in 2025 and is growing fast while still loss-making.

Kunlunxin is the AI chip company spun out of Baidu in April 2021, continuing Baidu's Kunlun chip line. It designs processors for AI workloads in data centres and is one of China's largest domestic AI chip suppliers.

Skild AI is a robotics company founded in 2023 that builds a general-purpose robotic foundation model, intended to act as a single brain across many robot bodies and tasks such as manipulation, locomotion and navigation.

SK hynix is a Korea-headquartered supplier of DRAM and NAND flash memory, and the company that released the first high-bandwidth memory (HBM) and says it has developed and shipped every HBM generation since.

Baidu Research is the research arm of Baidu, built around the Institute of Deep Learning founded in 2013, with laboratories in Beijing and Silicon Valley; in 2014 Andrew Ng became chief scientist in charge of the whole organisation.

University College London (UCL) is a public research university in central London. Geoffrey Hinton led its Gatsby Computational Neuroscience Unit, and Demis Hassabis, a Gatsby postdoctoral researcher, later co-founded DeepMind.

New York University, chartered in 1831 and centred on Washington Square Park, is a private research university whose Courant Institute and Center for Data Science made it a home for machine learning research and data science training.

A private research university in Ithaca, New York, founded in 1865. It is also where Frank Rosenblatt studied and worked, and where the perceptron — an early learning machine and the first neural network — was developed.

A public technical university in Munich, founded in 1868, where Sepp Hochreiter wrote the 1991 thesis that produced the first LSTM results, and where Jürgen Schmidhuber studied and later taught.

A French-language public research university in Montreal, founded in 1878 and autonomous since 1919, known today as a centre of deep-learning research and the home institution of Yoshua Bengio and Mila.

A public research university in La Jolla, San Diego, founded in 1960, where connectionist neural-network research flourished in the 1980s and where data science and computing were later organised into dedicated institutes and a school.

A Swiss artificial intelligence institute founded in 1988 and now a joint institute of USI and SUPSI, known for LSTM and other neural-network research.

Microsoft Research Asia is Microsoft's research laboratory in the Asia-Pacific region, founded in Beijing in November 1998. It works on artificial intelligence, human-computer interaction and related fields, and its researchers have included the first author of the ResNet paper.

DNNresearch Inc. was a University of Toronto start-up founded in 2012 by Geoffrey Hinton and two of his graduate students; Google bought it for its deep neural network research.

Huawei's artificial intelligence research centre, founded in 2012 and part of the company's 2012 Laboratories, with sites in China, Hong Kong, Europe and Canada and research spanning vision, language, search and recommendation, and decision-making.

Chinese medical-AI company founded in 2016 that focuses on AI for diagnosing and treating coronary heart disease, and says it holds China's first class III AI medical device certificate.

An independent, non-profit AI research institute in Toronto, launched in 2017 with provincial and corporate funding, with Geoffrey Hinton among its founding scientists.